纳米AP/Fe_2O_3复合氧化剂的制备及其机械感度和热分解特性  

Preparation,mechanical sensitivity and thermal decomposition of AP/Fe_2O_3 nanocomposite

作　　者：宋小兰[1,2] 李凤生[1] 张景林[2] 王毅[1] 安崇伟[1] 郭效德[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学国家特种超细粉体工程技术研究中心,南京210094 [2]中北大学化工与环境学院,太原030051

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2009年第3期306-309,共4页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50602024);总装备部预研项目(62301070203)

摘　　要：利用溶胶一凝胶法，通过引入1，2-环氧丙烷作为Fe（Ⅲ）离子的水解促进剂，在温和、无毒的条件下制备了纳米AP／Fe2O3的湿凝胶，经超临界干燥后得到AP／Fe2O3纳米复合氧化剂的气凝胶。利用TEM、SEM、EDS和DSC对样品微观形貌、表面元素组成和热分解特性进行了研究，并测试了它们的撞击和摩擦感度。结果表明，该复合氧化剂具有纳米尺寸，其中AP粒度在50～90nm之间，Fe!03粒度约20nm。AP／Fe2O3撞击感度普遍高于纯AP撞击感度，但AP／Fe2O3摩擦感度低于纯AP摩擦感度。另外，AP／Fe2O3分解放热峰温度较纯AP有很大程度提前，放热量也显著增加，其中含90％AP的纳米复合氧化剂高、低温分解峰较纯AP分别提前了124．96℃和113．02℃．放热量增加了438．85％．By introducing 1,2-epoxypropane as the agent for accelerating the hydrolyzation of Fe（ m ） ions, AP/Fe2O3 wet gel was prepared using sol-gel method under a mild and low-toxicity condition, and the AP/Fe2O3 aerogel was obtained with supercritical extraction of the solvent in wet gel. The samples were characterized by TEM, SEM, EDS, and DSC analysis. Meanwhile, impact and friction sensitivity were tested. The results indicated that the aerogel are nanocomposites,in which the particle size of AP is 50 - 90 nm and the size of Fe2O3 is about 20 nm. The impact sensitivity of AP/Fe2O3 is higher and the friction sensitivity is lower compared with pure AP generally. Moreover, the peak temperature for thermal decomposition of AP/Fe2O3 decreases to a greater degree, and the heat release increases greatly. In terms of the AP/Fe2O3 containing 90% of AP, its high and low decomposition peak temperatures are reduced by 124.96 ℃ and 113.02℃ respectively compared with those of pure AP, and the heat release are enhanced by 438.85%.

关 键 词：高氯酸铵 推进剂 纳米复合材料 溶胶-凝胶法 机械感度 热分解 

分 类 号：V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]