不同管护类型毛竹林土壤渗透性能的研究  

Effects of Different Operations and Management Modes on Soil Water Holding Capacities and Infiltration Characteristics in Phyllostachys edulis Forests

作　　者：范少辉[1] 刘广路[1] 官凤英[1] 邓旺华[1] 肖复明[2] 吴继林 

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤网络中心竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102 [2]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌330032 [3]福建省永安市林业局,福建永安366000

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2009年第4期568-573,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2006BAD19B0104;2006BAD19B0302和2006BAD19B0103);国际竹藤网络中心专项资金项目(618-30)资助

摘　　要：以福建省永安市不同管护类型的毛竹林为研究对象，对毛竹林I（挖笋＋劈草）、Ⅱ（挖笋＋劈草＋专用肥）和Ⅱ（挖笋＋劈草＋专用肥＋灌水）土壤的持水能力和渗透性能进行了研究。结果表明：管护类型对毛竹林土壤的持水能力有显著影响，林分Ⅱ60cm土层最大持水能力为3498．33t·hm^-2、林分Ⅲ为3333．33t·hm^-2，林分I为3254．00t·hm^-2；林分I60cm土层毛管持水能力为2806．67t·hm^-2，林分Ⅲ为2728．0t·hm^-2，林分Ⅱ为2638．330t·hm^-2；与土壤渗透性密切相关的土层非毛管持水能力的排列顺序为Ⅱ〉Ⅲ〉I，分别为860．00、605．33、447．33t·hm^-2。土壤人渗能力均随着土壤深度的增加而降低，三种林分土壤渗透性能的排列顺序为Ⅱ〉Ⅲ〉I，毛竹林Ⅱ土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、平均渗透率和渗透总量平均值最大，分别为10．7339、7．6778、8．9394mm·min^-1和354．2278mL·cm^-2；毛竹林I土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、平均渗透率和渗透总量平均值最小，分别为1．8616、1．2118、1．4535mm·min^-1和33．5758mL·cm^-2。不同管护类型对毛竹林不同层次土壤入渗性能的影响程度不同，对表层土壤的影响最为显著。Kostiakov模型可以很好地模拟不同管护类型毛竹林土壤水分入渗过程，模型决定系数彤处于0．8409～0．9760。The water holding capacities and the infiltration characteristics were measured in PhyUostachys edulis forests with different operations and management modes in Yongan County, Fujian Province. The results showed that the water holding capacities were affected by different operations and management modes. The maximum water holding capacity was 3 498.33 t · hm^-2 in forest Ⅱ （ shoot digging ＋ herb chopping ＋ special fertilizer）, 3 333.33 t · hm^-2 in forest m （shoot digging ＋ herb chopping ＋ special fertilizer ＋ irrigation）, and 3 254. 00 t ·hm^-2 in forest I （ shoot digging ＋ herb chopping）. The capillary water holding capacity was 2 806.67 t ·hm^-2 in forest I , 2 728.00 t·hm^-2 in forest Ⅲ, and 2 638.33 t ·hm^-2 in forest Ⅱ. The water holding capacity in non-capillary pore, which was closely related to the infiltration characteristics, from high to low was forest Ⅱ（860.00 t ·hm^-2） 〉 Ⅱ （605.33 t - hm^ -2 ） 〉 I （447.33 t· hm ^-2 ）. The sequence of infiltration characteristics of soil were Ⅱ〉 Ⅲ〉 I ,while all of them was decreased with the increase of soil depth. In forest Ⅱ , the average of initial infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate, average infiltration rate and accumulative infiltration were respectively 10. 733 9 , 7. 677 8, 8. 939 4 mm ·min^-1 and 354.227 8 mL·cm^-2, while just 1. 861 6 , 1. 211 8 , 1. 453 5 mm· min^-1 and 33. 575 8 mL·cm^-2 in forest I . The operations and management modes influenced the infiltration capability of different depth soils differently, especially the soil surface. The process of soil water infiltration could be simulated well by Kostiakov model, and its R^2 was ranged 0.840 9 to 0. 976 0.

关 键 词：管护类型 毛竹林 土壤持水力 土壤渗透性 

分 类 号：S795.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]