蘑菇培养料废料拮抗菌分离及对棉花苗期枯萎病防病效果的研究  

Research on the Isolation of Antagonistic Fungi from Waste Compost of Mushrom and Their Control Efficacies on the Cotton Wilt in Seedling Stage

作　　者：张军华[1] 

机构地区：[1]聊城大学农学院实验管理中心,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2009年第22期10549-10550,10553,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]验证从蘑菇培养料中分离筛选出的10个生防真菌在棉花生产上应用的可能性。[方法]从棉花枯萎病病株和病田土壤中分离出供试菌株，对其进行分类鉴定，制成生防菌制剂并通过温室盆栽防病试验和大田防病试验研究其防病效果。[结果]在供试菌株中TH和TP的抑菌效果最好，其R值分别为0．3827和0．3980。TV和T105的R值分别为0．4151和0．4127。TK、T1-1和L1-2的R值在0．4827～0．5927。棉籽壳和PD液培养生防菌的棉花出苗率分别为98．0％和89．0％，防病效果分别为90．6％和87．2％，棉苗茎粗分别为4．8和4．6mm；CK1和CK2的棉花出苗率分别为82．5％和78．5％，棉苗茎粗均为3．5mm。在田间防病试验中菌剂处理的防病效果为70．0％，平均每株棉铃数增加13个，产量提高49．1％。[结论]生防作用显著的7个菌株是TH、TP、TV、T1-5、TK、T1-1和T2-2，其生防菌剂能降低棉花枯萎病的发病率。[ Objective ] The research aimed to validate the possibility of applying the 10 biocontro] fungi isolated and screened out from mushroom compost in cotton production. [ Method ] The tested strains were isolated from the diseased plants of cotton wilt and the soil of diseased field, they were classified and identified and made into biocontrol fungus preparations. The control efficacies of the preparations were researched through pot disease control experiment performed in greenhouse and field disease control experiment. [ Result] Among tested strains, the antibacterial effects of TH and TP were best and their R values were 0.382 7 and O. 398 0 resp. The R values of TV and T1-5 were 0. 415 1 and 0. 412 7 resp. and that of TK, T1-1 and T2-2 were between 0. 482 7 and 0. 592 7. The emergence rates of cottons applied with biocontrol fungi cultured in cotton seed hull and PD liquid were 98.0% and 89.0% resp. , their control efficacies were 90.6% and 87.2% resp. and their stem diameters of cotton seedlings were 4.8 and 4.6 mm resp. ; the cotton emergence rates of CK1 and CK2 were 82.5% and 78.5% resp. and both their stem diameters of cotton seedlings were 3.5 mm. In the field disease control experiment, the control efficacy in the treatment with fungus agent was 70.0%, the average cotton bolls per plant were increased by 13 and its yield was enhanced by 49.1%. [ Conclusion] The 7 strains with significant biocontrol function were TH, TP, TV, T1-5, TK, T1-1 and T2-2 and their biocontrol fungus preparations could decrease the incidence of cotton wilt.

关 键 词：蘑菇培养料 拮抗菌 棉花枯萎病 生防作用 

分 类 号：S435.621.21[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]