乌鲁木齐及昌吉两城市发展对日照时数的影响分析  

Impact of urbanization on sunshine hour in Urumqi-Changji Area

作　　者：李景林[1] 郑玉萍[1] 赵书琴[1] 孙月琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2009年第4期519-526,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：新疆气象局科研项目(200309);(C2008001)

摘　　要：利用1961-2006年的日照资料,分析了近46年来乌鲁木齐市及同一气候区的周边邻近城市和郊区的日照时数变化特征。结果表明:随着城市化的发展,大、中城市的年日照时数是趋于减少,且减少的倾向率与城市发展的速度和规模呈正相关。大城市乌鲁木齐和中等城市昌吉、米泉的日照时数距平百分率分别以4.1%/10 a、2.2%/10 a和2.0%/10 a的趋势递减,米泉的日照时数距平百分率1998年以后呈现为剧减的趋势;而小城镇达坂城的年日照时数距平百分率则以0.8%/10 a趋势递增。城市中日照时数减少最明显的季节为污染排放量大、逆温层厚而强的冬季,其中又以1月份日照百分率减少趋势最为明显。达坂城四个季节的日照百分率均随着年代的推移而增加,其中春季和夏季增加趋势最明显,增加速率分别为1.64%/10 a和0.63%/10 a。在乌鲁木齐及昌吉两城市,除气候变化和天气因素外,影响日照时数变化的主要因子是大气环境。By using of the observed data of sunshine in period 1961 -2006, this paper analyzed the variability of sunshine hour in recent 46 years in Urumqi - Changji Area. Three cities, Urumuqi, Changji and Miquan, were chosen for study in this article. For purpose of comparison, 1 town, Dabancheng, was also chosen. These cities and town are less than 100 kilometers away from each other and in the same climatic region. The simple linear regression method was employed to estimate the long-term trends of the sunshine hour series. The results show that the annual sunshine hour decreased with the development of urbanization, and its reduced tendency rate presented positive correlation with the speed and the scale of urban development, the declining trends of the anomaly percentage of sunshine hour in major city of Urumqi and medium-sized cities of Changji and Miquan were expressed as 4.1%/10 a, 2.2%/10 a and 2.0%/10 a respectively, the anomaly percentage of Miquan was drastic especially after 1988; moreover small town of Dabancheng was increasing by degrees with 0.8%/10 a; the season of sunshine hour decreasing most obviously in the cities is winter when the pollution discharged is with large quantity and the inversion layer gets thick and strong, and the decreasing tendency most obvious of the percentage of sunshine hour is in Jan. ; the percentage of sunshine hour is increased with the process of time in the four seasons in Dabancheng, and the in- creasing tendency is most obvious in spring and summer, their increasing rates are 1.64%/10 a and 0.63%/10 a re- spectively. Besides the climate change and weather elements, the major impacting factor for the variation of sunshine hour is atmospheric environment in Urumqi - Changji Area.

关 键 词：城市化 日照时数 影响 

分 类 号：P412.14[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]