天山北坡伊犁绢蒿荒漠不同退化阶段草地特征分析(英文)  

Characteristic Analysis of Seriphidium transillense(Poljak.) Poljak. Desert Grasslands at Different Degraded Stages in the Northern Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：刘洪来[1,2] 朱进忠[1,3] 靳瑰丽[1] 范燕敏[1] 王彩虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草地与资源环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193 [3]新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草地学报》2009年第4期419-427,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室新疆草地资源与生态实验室开放课题(XJDX0209-2004-03)

摘　　要：对天山北坡不同退化阶段伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transillense(Poljak.)Poljak.)荒漠草地植被特征和土壤特性进行分析,以期为该地区的草地恢复提供理论依据。结果表明:随着草地退化程度的加剧,伊犁绢蒿荒漠的优势种逐渐被叉毛蓬(Petrosimonia sibirica(Pall.)Bunge)替代;地带性植被伊犁绢蒿的频度、盖度、生物量和密度随着草地退化程度的加剧逐渐降低,而叉毛蓬却呈相反趋势;叉毛蓬种群在扩繁时采用"r"对策,产生大量种子迅速占领领地,阻止了草地的完全崩溃。随着伊犁绢蒿荒漠退化,草地的饲用价值劣化,草地植物种类向低矮、适口性差、短命和类短命植物过度。草地的植被退化与土壤退化不完全一致,随着草地退化,土壤表层颗粒有变粗趋势,然而土壤有机质和全氮却呈现稳定升高的趋势;极度退化地区的高养分含量主要是由家畜排泄物导致。In the mid-1980s, grasslands owned by the state were contracted to families for 30 to 50 years, and then increased livestock populations imposed heavy grazing pressure on Seriphidiurn transillense （Poljak. ） Poljak. desert grasslands. Three sites with different degradation degrees were chosen on the northern slopes in Tianshan Mountains in western China to analyze the characteristics of plant populations, soil properties, and their relationships with different degradation stages. The results demonstrate that the dominant species shifted away from S. transillense into Petrosirnonia sibirica （Pall.） Bunge which adopted r-strategy to produce innumerable seeds and then formed large population and consequently protected the grassland from completely collapse. The frequency, cover, yield, and density of S. transillense gradually decreased while P. sibirica increased and the feeding value of grassland became worse along with the degradation degrees. The compositional shift towards smaller, unpalatable and more ephemeral species was indicative of grassland degradation. The degradation of grassland vegetation was not in accordance with soil degradation. The surface soil had a trend of becoming coarse with the degraded degrees; however, the soil organic matter and total nitrogen steadily increased and reached the climax in over-degradation areas where the dung accumulation was the main reason for high soil nutrient content.

关 键 词：伊犁绢蒿荒漠 特征分析 土壤特性 植被特征 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]