Dinarides东南部跨界岩溶含水层的特性(英文)  

Transboundary karst aquifers of south-eastern Dinarides

作　　者：Petar Milanovic 

机构地区：[1]Belgrade 11000, Serbia

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2009年第2期123-134,共12页Carsologica Sinica

摘　　要：Dinarides南部是世界上岩溶发育最强烈的地区之一,同时也是欧洲降水量最大的地区。区内碳酸盐岩沉积厚度大于300m,平均岩溶发育深度从250m至350m,沿断裂发育的岩溶,甚至更深。平均地下水流速变化较大,从0.002cm/s至55.2cm/s。地下水滞留时间很短,水位变化非常迅速,变幅高达312m。地下水位对强降雨响应小于4小时。岩溶大泉的主要特征是管道出口深,最大最小流量变化大。区内发育有成千上百个落水洞,其中一些落水洞排水能力超过100m3/s;规模大并被洪水暂时淹没的岩溶坡立谷闻名于世。由于该区极其复杂的水文地理和政治环境,跨界含水层似乎是一个非常敏感的问题。区内与水能利用、供水和环境相关的问题非常严重要,需要很好的研究解决。泉水天然流量和野生动物生存环境的改变,特别是当地特有物种的破坏,已经成为新近许多岩溶工程项目的焦点议题。总的来说,该区所有的问题都与水量和水质有关。在毗邻Dinaric南部地区新成立的国家边界出现了许多与新建立的跨界含水层有关的问题。The region of Southern Dinarides is one of the most karstified areas in the world; an area endowed with the highest precipitation in Europe. The soluble carbonate sediments are more than 300 m thick. The average depth of karstification ranges from 250 to 350 m and locally, along the deep faults, even deeper. Average underground flow velocity varies within a wide range from 0. 002 to 55.2 cm/s. Ground water residence time is very short. Fluctuations of the water table are very fast with amplitudes up to 312 m. After high precipitation, the water table responds in less than four hours. The major characteristics of large karst springs are deep siphonal outlet channels and large variation of minimum and maximum discharge. Thousands of ponors （swallow holes） and estavelles have been registered in this area. Swallowing capacity of some of them is more than 100 m^3/ s. The large and temporary flooded karst poljes are world wide known karts features. Due to very complex hydrogeological and political circumstances at the area of Southern Dinarides, there appears to be a very sensitive problem with transboundary aquifers. Questions regarding hydro potential utility, water supply and environmental impacts are critical and are in need of proper answers. Changing of natural spring discharge and the survival of wildlife, particularly endanger of endemic species, have been key topic of many recent karst related engineering projects. In general, all problems can be classified as those related to the water quantity and water quality. Newly established state borders at the South Dinaric region invoke a number of questions related to the newly established transboundary aquifers.

关 键 词：深岩溶 岩溶泉 落水洞 跨界含水层 世纪野生动物 

分 类 号：P641.134[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]