华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的氮素循环与平衡  

NITROGEN CYCLING AND BALANCE IN WINTER-WHEAT-SUMMER-MAIZE ROTATION SYSTEM IN NORTHERN CHINA PLAIN

作　　者：赵荣芳[1,2] 陈新平[1] 张福锁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院植物营养系,北京100193 [2]仲恺农业工程学院环境科学与工程学院,广州510225

出　　处：《土壤学报》2009年第4期684-697,共14页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2009CB118606);农业部"948"重大国际合作项目(2006-G60)资助

摘　　要：对华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系农田氮素输入输出的数量特征、平衡状况进行了分析,并评估其优化潜力。研究表明,华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系农田每年的氮素输入中,化学氮肥、农家肥、降水、灌溉、非生物固氮和种子带入农田的氮分别为545、68、21、15、15和5kghm-2a-1,氮素年输入总量为669kghm-2a-1;每年的氮素输出中,作物收获带走的氮为311kghm-2a-1,而氨挥发、反硝化和淋洗损失的氮分别为120、16和136kghm-2a-1,氮素年输出总量为583kghm-2a-1;氮素年盈余量为86kghm-2a-1。目前我国华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系农田氮素处于大量赢余状态,从而导致氮素大量损失。因此,加强氮肥管理,提高氮肥利用率,加大有机肥施用的力度,是华北地区农田氮素资源管理的长期任务。Analysis was conducted of quantitative characteristics and budget of N in soil under the winter-wheat/ summer-maize rotation system in the North China Plain, and optimal N potential evaluated. Results show that the N input was mainly through chemical fertilizer, organic manure, rainfall, irrigation, biological fixation and seeds in the system, contributing 545 kg hm^-2a^-1, 68 kg hm^-2a^-1 , 21 kg hm^-2a^-1 , 15 kg hm^-2a^-1 , and 5 kg hm^-2a^-1 , respectively, totaling N input was 669 kg hm^-2a^-1 , while the N output with harvested crops was only 311 kg hm^-2a^-1 In addition, the N losses through ammonium volatilization, denitrification and leaching was 120, 16 and 136 kg hm^-2a^-1, respectively, making the total N output up to 583 kg hm^-2a^-1with a surplus of 86 kg hm^-2a^-1 N. Intensifying N management to improve its use efficiency in combination with intensifying application of organic manure is the long-term task in N management in the North China Plain.

关 键 词：氮素循环 氮素输入 氮素输出 氮素平衡 氮素损失 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]