黄土高原森林群落物种多度的分布格局  

Species abundance distribution pattern of forest communities on Loess Plateau

作　　者：任萍[1] 王孝安[1] 郭华[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710062

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第8期1449-1455,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2002CB111505)

摘　　要：选用物种多度统计模型(对数级数分布模型、对数正态分布模型)和物种多度生态位模型(分割线段模型、生态位重叠模型、随机分配模型)研究了黄土高原子午岭马栏林区不同演替阶段3种森林群落物种多度分布格局的变化。结果表明:(1)物种分布统计模型拟合显示,演替初期的白桦(Betula platyphylla)林,物种丰富,但分布不均匀;演替中期的天然油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林,油松优势地位明显,林下灌木和草本植物数量少但分布集中;演替顶极的辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)林,物种分布均匀且集中,枯立木形成的林隙较多。(2)在物种多度生态位模型拟合中,3种群落均能被较好地拟合。说明在演替过程中,影响物种分布的自然和人为因素较多,不能简单地选择一个生态位模型来解释。因此,研究森林群落物种分布时,最好采用多个模型进行拟合。By using species abundance statistical models （logarithmic series distribution model and lognormal distribution model） and niche models （broken stick model, overlapping niche model, and random assortment model）, this paper studied the variations in the species abundance distribution pattern of three forest communities at different succession stages in Malan forest region of Ziwuling Mountain on the Loess Plateau. The study with species abundance statistical models showed that in the Betula platyphylla community of early succession stage, the species were rich but distributed unevenly; in the natural Pinus tabulaeformis community of middle suc- cession stage, P. tabulaeformis was dominant, and the understory shrub and herb species were less and in centralized distribution; in the climax Quercus liaotungensis community, the species had a uniform and centralized distribution, and many gaps were formed by the standing dies. These three forest communities fitted the species abundance niche models well, indicating that in the process of succession, the species distribution was affected by many natural and anthropogenic factors, and it was unwise to only choose one niche model to study the species abundance of forest community.

关 键 词：黄土高原 物种多度分布 演替阶段 统计模型 生态位模型 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]