模拟不同森林可燃物处理对大兴安岭潜在林火状况的影响  

Effects of different forest fuel treatments on potential forest fire regimes in Great Xing'an Mountains:A simulation study

作　　者：刘志华[1,2] 常禹[1] 贺红士[1] 胡远满[1] 王文娟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第8期1462-1469,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30670363);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-444);国家林业公益性行业科研资助专项(200804001)

摘　　要：大兴安岭林区50年来实施的森林防火政策导致森林火烧轮回期延长,可燃物累积,所以需要将森林可燃物的管理纳入到森林防火政策中。本研究构建10种可燃物处理预案,5种为计划火烧预案(PB02,PB04,PB06,PB08,PB10),另5种为机械清除+计划火烧预案(PR02,PR04,PRP6,PR08,PR10,用无处理预案(notreat)作对照。采用空间直观森林景观模型LANDIS,从火烧面积、不同强度火烧面积和林火强度动态特征来说明不同可燃物处理预案的长期效果(300年)。结果表明,计划火烧虽然可以减少总火烧面积,但随着处理面积的增加,减少幅度不大,对于降低高强度火烧面积效果不显著;机械清除+计划火烧可以有效地减少火烧面积,降低火烧强度[将高强度火(4、5级)降低为低强度火(1、2级)]。建议森林可燃物处理必须长期进行,以达到降低林火强度、减少灾难性火灾发生的机率的目的。Forest fire prevention policy has been implemented over 50 years in the Great Xing＇an Mountains in Northeast China, which lengthened the mean forest fire return interval and increased the forest fuel load. It＇ s needed to incorporate forest fuel management with the current forest fire prevention policy. In this study, ten fuel treatment scenarios were designed, five of which were the prescribed burnings （PB02, PB04, PBP6, PB08, PB10） and the other five were the prescribed burnings plus mechanical removals （PR02, PR04, PRP6, PRO8, PR10） , taking no treatment （NoTreat） as a contrast. The long-term （300 years） effects of the forest fuel treatment scenarios on the total burned area, the area burned by various intensity fires, and the dynamic characteristics of fire intensity were analyzed by using a spatially explicit forest landscape model LANDIS, and the results showed that prescribed burning could reduce the total burned arca, but had less effect on reducing the area burned by high intensity fires because the decrement of total burned area became lesser with the increase of treatment size. However, prescribed burning plus mechanical removal could dramatically reduce the total burned area while changing the high intensity fire （ classes 4 and 5 ） to low intensity fire （ classes 1 and 2）. It was suggested that forest fuel treatment should be implemented for a long period to effectively reduce the forest fire intensity and the likelihood of catastrophic fires.

关 键 词：林火强度 可燃物处理 大兴安岭 计划火烧 机械清除 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]