论美国国会与对外贸易法的制定与执行  

The U.S.Congress and the Formulation and Execution of the U.S.Trade Law

作　　者：王玉婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界研究院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《国际经贸探索》2009年第7期70-74,86,共6页International Economics and Trade Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目<外贸法比较研究>(05JJD82003)

摘　　要：在美国三权分立政体下,对外贸易法律的制定和执行是国会、总统交互作用的复杂过程。国会一方面通过授权总统扩大自由贸易;另一方面又建立完善的进口救济制度来平衡贸易保护主义的利益。国会还把相当的权力委托给国际贸易法院由其行使司法审查权,防止行政机关滥用授权。美国贸易政策的制订权往往是在行政部门和立法部门之间进行分配,法院通常奉行"司法克制"的态度,通常避免就国会和总统之间在对外政策领域的权力关系问题进行裁决。但其一旦决定介入,必然成为最终的决定性因素。The Constitution of the United States of America grants a set of rights and responsibilities to each separate branch of government, including the U.S. Congress, the U.S. President, and the U.S. Supreme Court. The U.S. Constit ufion induces that the formation and execution of the U.S. trade law is also a complex process of interaction between the Congress and the President. Although the U.S. Constitution grants power to the Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, it has to delegate power and authority to the President and the Administrative Department to deal with the trade affairs, because the power-decentralization and operation-complexity of the Congress make it hard to cope with inconstant occurrences.

关 键 词：美国国会 贸易立法权 美国贸易法 贸易政策 

分 类 号：F753[经济管理—国际贸易]