河北地区边界层内不同高度风速变化特征  

The Characteristics of Wind Speed Variation at Different Altitudes of Boundary Layer in Hebei Province

作　　者：刘学锋[1,2] 任国玉[2] 梁秀慧[1] 秦莉[1] 张成伟[1] 范增禄[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省气候中心,石家庄050021 [2]中国气象局气候研究开放实验室

出　　处：《气象》2009年第7期46-53,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：中国气象局气候研究开放实验室项目"河北地区城市化对边界层风速变化影响研究(LCS-2006-05)";中国气象局气象新技术推广项目"观测环境和仪器变化对地面观测资料的影响评估(CMATG2008Z12)";国家自然科学基金项目(40575039)资助

摘　　要：为了研究城市化进程对风速变化的影响,利用1971—2006年河北省境内邢台、张家口和乐亭3个探空站高空风观测资料和对应地面站风观测资料,统计分析了边界层内距地面10m、300m、600m、900m4个高度的长期风速变化特征,比较了不同高度风速变化趋势的异同。分析结果表明:3站年和季节平均风速随着距地面高度的增加而变大,但最大的风速垂直递增率出现在从10m到300m之间;各站各高度层月平均风速具有明显的季节变化特征,春季风速最大,夏季较小;在近36年里,3站平均的地面(10m高)年和季节平均风速变化存在显著的减少趋势,300m以上各高度层平均风速一般也降低,但远没有地面明显;不同高度平均风速变化趋势的差异可能主要是由城市化以及台站附近观测环境的改变引起的,这使得地面风速明显减弱;但地面以上各层平均风速同样存在一定减弱现象,说明背景大气环流的变化也是地面风速下降的原因之一。In order to understand how urban developmenl changes the variation of wind speeds,using the data of upper air and surface wind speed observed from Xingtai, Zhangjiakou and Laoting, Hebei Province, from 1971 2006, the characteristics of variation of wind speeds at altitudes of 10m （surface）, 300m, 600m and 900m are analyzed. The similarities and differences of wind speed changes between the different ahitudes of boundary layer are compared. Results indicate that annual and seasonal mean wind speeds of the three stations all increase with height; The maximum wind speed vertical increasing rate appears between lore and 300m; Monthly mean wind speecks at different altitudes for each station have the obvious characteristics of seasonal variation, with the largest wind speed occurring in springtime, and the smallest one in summertime; Surface annual and seasonal mean wind speeds for the 3-station average undergo a significant decreasing trend during the past 36 years; Wind speeds at altitudes from 300m to 900m also see a decreasing trend generally, but the trend is mostly insignificant statistically. Combined with the metadata of observational settings, it seems that the obvious difference of wind speed change between the different altitudes is attributable to the fast urbanization and the change of observational environment, which cause the slowdown of surface wind speed at the three stations. However, the change in atmospheric drculation might also contribute to the significant decrease of surface wind speed, beeanm the wind speed at altitudes of 300m to 900m experiences the weakening trends during the same time period, in spite of the fact that the upper-layer trends are generally insignificant.

关 键 词：边界层 地面风速 高空风速 城市化 

分 类 号：P412.16[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]