不同倍性水稻亚种间杂种小孢子发生的细胞学观察  

Cytological Observation on Microsporogenesis in Inter-subspecific Hybrids of Rice with Different Ploidy Level

作　　者：程杏安[1] 何金华[1] 刘向东[1] 李亚娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学广东省植物分子育种重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2009年第7期1320-1327,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771328);广东省自然科学基金博士启动基金(8451064201001113)

摘　　要：利用塑料半薄切片对水稻同源四倍体亚种间杂种F1及其对应的二倍体杂种F1小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程的细胞学变化进行观察研究。结果表明,同源四倍体水稻亚种间杂种造孢细胞期和小孢子母细胞期已经表现出较高频率的异常;减数分裂过程中,小孢子母细胞出现异常更加复杂,主要包括小孢子母细胞液泡化和退化两大类,这些异常是导致杂种花粉败育和花粉低育性的重要原因之一;此外,绒毡层异常也是导致杂种的花粉育性降低的因素。二倍体杂种小孢子母细胞在减数分裂过程的异常类型与水稻同源四倍体亚种间杂种基本相似,其绒毡层异常频率较低,对其花粉低育性影响不大。Cytological observation on microsporogenesis of inter-subspecihc hybrids ot autotetraploid and corresponding diploid rice was conducted by using techniques of plastic semi-thin. The results indicated that inter-subspecific hybrid of autotetraploid appeared high ratio of abnormalities in sporogenous cell stage and microsporocyte stage. In the process of meiosis, abnormalities of microsporocyte became more complex, mainly including microsporocyte vacuolization and degeneration which was one of the key factors inducing pollen abortion and low pollen fertility of hybrid rice. In addition,abnormality of tapetum was also the main reason for low pollen fertility of hybrid. Types of abnormalities in microsporogenesis of inter-subspecific hybrid of diploid were similar to those of autotetraploid hybrid. Abnormalities of tapetum in microsporogenesis of inter-subspecific hybrid of diploid rice were fewer than that of tetraploid.

关 键 词：同源四倍体水稻亚种间杂种 小孢子母细胞 减数分裂 细胞学 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学]