不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累及分配的影响  

Effects of different phosphrus application rates on the dynamic accumulation and distribution of dry matter and phosphrus in maize

作　　者：彭正萍[1] 张家铜[1] 袁硕[1] 王艳群[1] 刘会玲[1] 薛世川[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北省生物无机化学重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第4期793-798,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家“973”计划(2007CB109302);国家粮丰工程河北省课题(2006BAD02A08);河北省自然科学基金(C2007000525)项目资助

摘　　要：采用田间试验研究了不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累、分配规律及磷肥效率的影响。结果表明,施磷增加玉米茎、叶、穗轴、子粒和整株干重及磷含量,降低磷肥表观利用率、农学效率和生理利用率。随生育进程推进,不同供磷水平的子粒和整株干重及磷含量不断增加直到成熟,其余器官干重和磷积累峰值出现时间早晚不同;生长后期,子粒成为唯一的库器官,茎、叶、根,甚至穗轴均成为源,有一部分光合产物和磷输出,被重新分配到子粒。出苗后79～100 d,各供磷水平下的子粒干重净增量是相应出苗后58～79 d的0.75～1.02倍;前者子粒磷净增量是相应后者的1.56～2.39倍,说明光合产物和磷向子粒中运输不是同步的过程。同一取样时期,随施磷量增加,各器官的干重和磷含量增加,以施P2O590 kg/hm2最好,产量达11231.6 kg/hm2,原因是该处理的玉米穗长、行粒数和单株粒重显著增加,秃尖长度显著减少。Phosphorus （P） redistributed in different plant organs is important for plant growth and fertilizer use efficiency improvement. In present study, the dynamic accumulation and distribution of dry matter and P in each organ of maize （ Zea mays L. ）, the apparent recovery efficiency, and agronomic-, physiological-use efficiency of P were studied under different levels of P application rates. The results showed that P application increased dry weight and P content of stalk, leaves, ear axis, seed and whole plant, while decreased the apparent recovery efficiency, agronomic-, physiological-use efficiency of P. With plant growth, the dry matter and P accumulated into seed and whole plant gradually increased, while in other vegetative organs different patterns were observed： at the late growth stage, seed was the only sink for dry matter and P, which were exported from stalk, leaves, root, and the ear axis. The ratio of net dry weight increment in different P application rates in 79 - 100 d to in 58 - 79 d was about 0.75 - 1.02, but the ratio of net P increment was about 1.56- 2.39, indicating that the dry matter and P in plant allocated into seed were not synchronous. At the sampling time, the highest dry weight and P in different organs were obtained by P205 90 kg/ha, and the yield of maize was 11231.6 kg/ha.

关 键 词：磷水平 玉米 干物质 磷 积累与分配 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]