氮肥施用量对高产甜菜纤维根系分布及活力的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on fibrous root distribution and activity in high yield sugar beet

作　　者：章建新[1] 李强[1] 薛丽华[1] 甘玉柱[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第4期904-909,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(39800491);新疆高校科研基金项目(XJEDU2004G06)资助

摘　　要：为了解施N肥对甜菜生长的影响规律。在田间条件下,研究了不同施N量（0、90、180、2703、60 kg/hm2）对甜菜（KWS2409）纤维根系生长、分布和活力变化的影响。结果表明,施N比对照增加浅层侧根数、外层和深层纤维根干重及100 cm土层纤维根总干重,并提高各生育期侧根和主根活力。其中,100 cm土层最大纤维根干重施N比对照增加了60.4%～168.4%,最大侧根数增加了22.7%～75.1%,且以0—20 cm和40—60 cm深的外土层及80—100cm深的内土层纤维根系增加较大,分别比对照增加了129.6%～266.8%、71.0%～234.0%和101.5%～202.8%。主根伤流液量和侧根的活力分别比对照增加了56.2%～89.9%、23.7%～63.4%。N 180 kg/hm2处理0—100 cm土层中纤维根总量、各土层中根量最大,各生育时期主根和侧根活力最强,块根产量（82609.63 kg/hm2）和产糖量（13892.64 kg/hm2）均最高,而含糖率（16.83%）较N0处理（18.34%）略降。说明合理施N量有利于甜菜纤维根系生长和提高产糖量。Under the field condition, effect of N application rates （ 0, 90, 180, 270,360 kg/ha） on fiber root growth, distribution and activity in sugar beet （ Beta Vulgaris L） was studied. The aim of this experiment is to find the pattern of growth fiber root so as to provide scientific suggestions on rational fertilization in sugar beet. The results indicated that the increasing application rate of nitrogen significantly increased the numbers of lateral root from the superficial layer, fiber root dry weigh from deep and outer layer, and total fiber root dry weight in 100 cm layer. It could also increase lateral root and taproot activity in the superficial layer at different growth stages. Compared with NO, application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the fiber root weigh of 100 cm soil layers by 60.4% - 168.4%, the numbers of lateral root by 22.7% -75.1%, the fiber root of 0- 20 cm and 40- 60 cm layers and 80- 100 cm deep and outer layer by 129.6% - 266.8%, 71.0% - 234.0%, and 101.5% - 202.8%, and the bleeding quantity in top root of sugar beet in 25th August and vigor of lateral root of sugar beet in 25th July by 56.2% - 89.9% ,23.7% - 63.4%, respectively. Among the different treatments, N180 had the highest total amount of fiber roots within 100 cm soil layer, biggest root numbers in different soil layers, and the highest activity of taproot and lateral root at different growth stages. It had also the highest that sugar beet root yield （82609.63 kg/ha） and yield amount of sugar （13892.64 kg/ha）, but lower sugar content （16.83 % ） compared to treatment NO （18. 341% ）. Rational N application resulted in deeper and more widespread fiber root, more root numbers, and higher activity of sugar beet root. It could also increase the yield of sugar beet root and sugar output.

关 键 词：甜菜 氮肥 纤维根系 根活力 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]