有机肥配施对番茄土传病害的防治及土壤微生物多样性的调控  

Effects of combined application of organic fertilizers on the control of soilborne diseases and the regulation of soil microbial diversity

作　　者：李胜华[1] 谷丽萍[1] 刘可星[1] 廖宗文[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学新肥料资源研究中心,广东广州510642

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第4期965-969,共5页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD10B03);农业部"948"项目(2006-G62);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803031);广州市科技项目(2007Z2-E0051)资助

摘　　要：在田间试验条件下,采用施用基肥和追肥的方法,结合Biolog技术,分析了不同有机肥配合施用对番茄土传病害的防治效果及对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响,并探讨了有机肥防治作物土传病害的机理及意义。结果显示,有机肥的施用对大田番茄青枯病、枯萎病、茎基腐病等3种土传病害均有显著的防治效果,粉状有机肥和液体有机肥配合施用时防病效果最显著;有机肥的施用还改善了土壤微生物群落结构。土壤微生物群落的AWCD和Shannon index与作物发病情况有较好的一致性,显示施肥提高土壤微生物多样性,对土传病害的防治有重要的影响。The experiment was carried out to study the effects of combined application of organic fertilizers on the control of soilborne diseases and the regulation of soil microbial diversity in a tomato field by using the method of Biolog. The mechanism of soilborne disease control and its significance were also discussed. The results show that the combined application of organic fertilizers could control three kinds of the soilborne diseases, such as tomato bacterial wilt （ Ralstonia solanacearum ） , Fusarium wilt（ Fusarium oxysporum f . lycopersici ） , and basal stem rot wilt （Rhizoctonia solani ）. The effect of combined application of the powdery organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and top-dressing liquid organic fertilizer at two times on control soilborne diseases is the best. The soil microbial community structure is improved with the application of organic manures. AWCD and Shannon index of soil microbial communities are greatly related to the incidence of the diseases. These results indicate that the organic fertilizer application could increase the soil microbial diversity, and has significant importance for controlling the soilborne diseases.

关 键 词：有机肥 配施 土传病害 微生物多样性调控 

分 类 号：S436.412[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]