历史上新疆虎的调查确认与研究  

Surveys, Verification and Research on the Xinjiang Tiger:A History

作　　者：曹志红[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,博士研究生西安710062

出　　处：《历史研究》2009年第4期34-49,共16页Historical Research

基　　金：陕西师范大学"211工程"三期"西北地区人文社会与资源环境的协调发展"项目;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"新疆地区历史时期各民族经济社会发展与环境变迁相互作用关系"(02JAZJD790019);陕西师范大学"优秀博士学位论文"项目(S2006YB02)资助成果

摘　　要：有关新疆虎的各种问题,在动物学界和历史地理学界处于相对空白的研究状态。新疆地区至少在距今1万—1.5万年前即有虎分布,以后持续不断;其地理分布涉及天山南北,沿水源(河湖)分布于山间谷地、河流绿洲及山前冲积扇地带;其具体生境以芦苇、胡桐树木、胡杨林等植被为主,具有足供捕食的食物。至清光绪前期新疆虎依然多见,光绪末年至民国初年开始锐减,但已有的1916年灭绝的说法不能成立。人类活动叠加的自然环境演化是影响新疆虎变迁的主要因素。生物链偶然的因素,如肉食性蚂蚁对新疆虎繁殖的威胁,也可能产生了一定影响。The issue of the Xinjiang tiger remains an unexplored field in zoology and historical geography. Tigers have lived in Xinjiang for at least ten to fifteen thousand years. Geographically, they were distributed north and south of the Tianshan Mountains, along water courses (rivers and lakes) in mountain valleys, oases and piedmont alluvial plains. Their living environment featured reeds, poon and euphrates poplar and provided them with abundant food. Tigers were numerous up to the early Guangxu period in the later nineteenth century, but their numbers had dropped dramatically by the turn of the century and in the subsequent Republican era. However, there is no evidence to support the view that the Xinjiang tiger had become extinct by 1916. Human activities combined with evolution of the natural environment were the main contributing factors in changing affecting the Xinjiang tiger. They may also have been affected by chance factors in the biological chain; for example, meat-eating ants pose a threat to the tigers’ reproduction.

关 键 词：新疆虎 地理分布 数量变化 影响因素 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]