直接甲醇燃料电池膜电极的研究与进展  

Development of Membrane Electrode Assembly for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

作　　者：索春光[1] 刘晓为[1,2] 张宇峰[1] 张博[1] 张鹏[1] 王路文[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学MEMS中心,哈尔滨150001 [2]微系统与微结构教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《化学进展》2009年第7期1662-1671,共10页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家高技术发展计划(863)项目(No.2006AA04Z353)资助

摘　　要：膜电极(MEA)是直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的核心部件。文中对MEA的研究现状从4个方面进行了详细评述。首先,对组成MEA的关键材料,如电催化剂、质子交换膜、扩散层的研究进展进行了介绍,认为开发低温高效、贵金属载量低的电催化剂以及研制低成本、低甲醇渗透的非氟质子交换膜是MEA关键材料的研究方向。第二,对于MEA的制备方法,文中对以GDL为支撑体的GDE法和以PEM为支撑体的CCM法进行了详细的评述,认为CCM法是今后MEA制备工艺的重要发展方向。第三,关于MEA的表征技术,认为采用电化学方法结合现代谱学技术仍是未来一段时间对MEA表征的主要手段。第四,介绍了MEA数学模型的研究现状,DMFC数学模型的研究是以PEMFC的模型为基础建立起来的,但是建立DMFC的数学模型更为复杂,认为今后对DMFC膜电极模型的研究要充分考虑阳极二氧化碳与甲醇水溶液的两相流问题以及阴极甲醇渗透对电池性能影响的问题。最后,对直接甲醇燃料电池膜电极未来的发展进行了展望。Membrane electrode assembly （MEA） is the key component of the direct methanol fuel cell （DMFC）. In the paper, the research and development of MEA for the direct methaol fuel cell （DMFC） is reviewed in four aspects. Firstly, the development of key materials of MEA, i.e. eleetroeatalysts, proton exchange membrane （PEM）, gas diffusion layer （GDL） is introduced. It is believed that research in providing low price and methanol crossover PEM and finding more efficient electrocatalyst with low use of noble metal is important in the key materials research work. Secondly, the fabrication of MEA, including GDL supported GDE method and PEM supported CCM method is reviewed systematically. The CCM method is considered main one in MEA fabrication technologies in the future. Thirdly, the characterization for MEA is introduced. Electrochemistry methods combined modern spectroscopy would be the main choice for characterizing the MEA in the following period of time. Fourthly, development of modeling the DMFC is discussed. Modeling of DMFC is based on modeling of PEMFC, but for DMFC it is more complicated. In the future,when modeling the MEA of DMFC, the gas-liquid （CO2 and aqueous methanol solution） two-phase flow in anode and the methanol crossover in cathode should be considered carefully. At last the prospects of the MEA for DMFC is discussed.

关 键 词：直接甲醇燃料电池 膜电极 关键材料 制备方法 模型 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] O646.5[理学—物理化学]