不同施肥水平对耕层土壤盐分迁移和分布的影响  

The effect of different fertilizer levels on tilth soil salt movement and distribution

作　　者：王金辉[1,2,3] 柳勇[2,5] 徐润生[4] 吕业成 胡承孝[3] 梁李宏[1] 李淑仪[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,农业部热带作物种质资源利用重点开放实验室,海南儋州571737 [2]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东广州510650 [3]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [4]佛山市南海区农林技术推广中心,广东佛山528200 [5]浙江大学环境与资源学院,土水资源与环境研究所,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2009年第4期25-30,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2005B20801009;2005B20801003)资助

摘　　要：通过室内盆栽模拟试验，对不同施肥水平下菜地土壤盐分在耕层微域尺度的迁移、分布规律进行研究。试验结果表明：（1）施肥浇水平衡3d后，上层土壤的电导率（EC）明显低于下层土壤，浇水将盐分淋洗到下层土壤中；试验50d后，绝大部分处理0—2cm土层的EC均明显高于其他层次的EC（P〈0．01），土壤盐分呈表聚现象。（2）随着施肥水平的提高，各土层的EC均明显上升，其中0～2cm土层的EC上升幅度最大，施肥增加了土壤中的盐分离子含量。（3）试验50d后，绝大部分处理种植菜薹时的EC低于不种菜薹时的EC（P〈0．01或0．05），种3株菜薹时5-10cm土层的EC低于种1株菜薹时5—10cm土层的EC（P〈0．01或0．05），其他层次的EC差异不显著；绝大部分处理0～2cm近根区土壤EC高于远根区（P〈0．01或0．05）。本试验条件下，种植菜薹且施肥量≤0．15g·kg^-1时不仅不会造成表层土壤过多盐分的累积，而且一定程度上还可以防止土壤盐分过多的向下迁移。A pot experiment was conducted to study micro-scale movement and distribution law of tilth soil salts under different fertilizer levels. The results indicated as follows ： （ 1 ） After fertilizing, watering and balancing for 3 days, the average value of electrical conductivity （EC） in 0 - 2 cm soil layer were lower than those in 2 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm soil layers obviously, and soil salts were leached to the depth below 2 - 10 cm by watering. After 50 days post fertilizing, watering and balancing, soil salinity exhibited top enrichment among all treatments, and the EC values in 0- 2 cm soil layer of most treatments were obviously higher than those in other two soil layers （P 〈 0. 01 ） . （2） After 50 days post fertilizing, watering and balancing, the EC values in all three soil layers were increased obviously with increasing fertilizer levels, of which the EC values in 0 - 2 cm soil layer increased the most. Hence, fertilization increased soil salt content. （3） After 50 days post fertilizing, watering and balancing, the EC values in each soil layer of most treatments with flowering Chinese cabbage were lower than those without flowering Chinese cabbage （ P 〈 0. 01 or 0. 05） . Moreover, the EC values of 5 - 10 cm soil layer with three flowering Chinese cabbages were lower than those with one flowering Chinese cabbage （ P 〈 0. 01 or 0. 05 ）, whereas the differences of EC values in other two soil layers were not significant. And further more, the differences of EC values in 0 - 2 cm soil layer of most treatments between near-rhizosphere and far-rhizospherc zones could be found significant or extremely significant. Under this experiment condition, the effects of using suitable fertilizer rate of less than or equal to O. 15 g · kg^-1 and cropping flowering Chinese cabbage were better, it could not only alleviate the top enrichment of soil salts, but also could prevent the leaching by irrigation and precipitation to some degree.

关 键 词：施肥水平 土壤盐分 耕层微域尺度 迁移 分布 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]