高温热浪与干热风的危害特征比较研究  

Comparative Studies of the Harm Characteristic of Hot-dry Wind and High Temperature Heat Waves

作　　者：邓振镛[1] 张强[2] 徐金芳 陈敏 秦三杰[2] 张树誉[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省(中国气象局)干旱气候变化与减灾重点(开放)实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省气象局,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃省气象信息中心,甘肃兰州730020 [4]甘肃省平凉市气象局,甘肃平凉744000 [5]陕西省气象局,陕西西安710015

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2009年第8期865-873,共9页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家科技部公益行业科研专项项目“西北地区旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究”(编号:GYHY200806021);国家自然基金重点项目“黄土高原陆面过程观测试验研究”(编号:40830957);干旱气象科学研究基金项目“气候变化对高原地区粮食安全生产的影响机理及对策研究”(编号:IAM200811)资助

摘　　要：综述了高温热浪与干热风气象灾害在危害特点、类型与指标、气候特征、形成原因、对全球气候变暖的响应、防御技术与应对策略等6个方面的内容。并对两者进行了比较,高温热浪和干热风既有共同点又有区别和联系,两者均是一种较短时间尺度的重大天气灾害,高温低湿是两者主要的基本天气特征;在形成原因——主要是环流特征异常和对全球气候的响应等方面两者基本上是一致的;在同一地域同一时间两者也可能同时发生;在干旱季节有利于这两种灾害的发生发展和加重危害。在危害特点、类型与指标、气候特征、防御技术与应对策略等方面有所不同,高温热浪是一种综合性的气象灾害;而干热风是一种农业气象灾害。This paper summarized six aspects such as the harm characteristics, type and index, climatic characteristics, causes, responding to globe changes, protecting technology and answering tactics of hot-dry wind and high temperature heat wave. There is distinction and relationship between hot-dry wind and high temperature heat wave. This includes that both of hot-dry wind and high temperature heat wave belong to serious shorter time scale weather disasters. Lower humidity and higher temperature are their main characteristics. The two causes of abnormal circulation characteristics and impacts of the disasters from climate change are basically the same. The disasters may occur in the same area during the same period. Arid season is helphul for their development and aggravation damage. There are differences on harm characteristics, type and index, climatic characteristics, protecting technology and answering tactics in this two weather disasters in that the high temperature heat wave is the comprehensiveness meteorological disasters and dry-hot wind is the agrometeorological disasters.

关 键 词：高温热浪 干热风 危害特征 比较研究 

分 类 号：P425.52[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]