松嫩平原盐渍化区土壤的微域特征  

Micro-scale soil characteristics in salinization area of Songnen plain

作　　者：罗金明[1,2] 王永洁[1] 邓伟[3] 叶雅杰[4] 张晓平[2] 

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学理学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012 [3]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [4]齐齐哈尔大学化学与化学工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2009年第8期1912-1917,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-SW-19-02);国家自然科学基金项目(40871259)资助

摘　　要：通过野外定位观测和室内分析,探讨了松嫩平原盐渍化区土壤的微域特征.结果表明:研究区由高平地、微坡地、洼地边缘和洼地4种微地貌单元组成.洼地发育均腐土,洼地边缘、微坡地和高平地发育碱积盐成土.高平地土壤的碱土碱化层出现在15～30cm,碱化度(ESP)60%.微坡地土壤表层的ESP最大可达75%.洼地边缘的ESP分布在10～30cm土层,最大为30%～40%.洼地的土壤几乎没有碱化层.研究区不同微地貌部位发育的土壤水分特征曲线存在明显差异.微坡地土壤饱和含水率最大仅为25%,而洼地土壤0～10cm饱和含水率高达45%.不同微地貌单元的冻融过程存在明显的差异.微坡地和洼地的最大冻结深度分别为157和136cm.冻结期,洼地土壤表层含水率由冻结前的20%增加到50%.微坡地土壤表层含盐量变化在4个微地貌单元中最明显;冻融前后微坡地土壤表层含盐量增幅达80%.The study by the methods of in situ observation and laboratory analysis showed that the micro-relief in salinization area of Songnen Plain area was composed of flat land, micro-slope land, depression margin, and depression. Isohumusols distributed in depression, while alkalic halosols distributed in depression margin, micro-slope land, and flat land. The exchangeable sodium percent （ESP） in alkalized layer （ 15-30 cm） of alkaline soil in fiat land was 60%, and the maximal ESP in surfaCe soil layer in micro-slope land could reach to 75%. The alkalized soil layer in depression margin was mainly at the depth of 10-30 cm, where the maximal ESP could reach to 30% -40%. Nearly no alkalized layer was found in the soil profile in depression. The soils developed on the four micro-relief units had obvious differences in their water retention curves. The maximal saturation moisture content in the soils of micro-slope land was only 25%, while that of 0-10 cm soil layer in depression reached to 45 %. The freezing-thawing process in different micro-relief units differed markedly, with the maximal frozen depth in micro-slope land and depression being 157 and 136 cm, respectively. The surface soil moisture content in depression increased from 20% before freezing to 50% during freezing period. Among the four micro-relief units, micro-slope land had the most obvious variation of surface soil salt content during freezing-thawing, with the increment after thawing being as high as 80%.

关 键 词：微域格局 碱积盐成土 水盐迁移 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]