高速客车空心车轴裂纹扩展特性研究  

RESEARCH OF THE FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTIC ON RAILWAY HOLLOW AXLES

作　　者：周素霞[1] 谢基龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学轨道车辆结构可靠性与运用检测技术教育部工程研究中心,北京100044

出　　处：《工程力学》2009年第7期232-237,共6页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目(2007CB714705)

摘　　要：分析了动车组车轴的运行环境,运用线路实测车轴动应力得到的载荷谱,对车轴进行有限元计算分析,得出了高速动车组空心车轴截面的应力分布。提出了车轴的超高周疲劳特点,同时考虑了硬物冲击或其它原因给车轴造成的意外损伤,而这种损伤很容易发展成为车轴表面裂纹。根据无损探测的发展情况,提出了初始裂纹尺寸。在此基础上,根据线弹性断裂力学理论,研究了车轴表面裂纹的应力强度因子随裂纹尺寸的变化规律,结合疲劳裂纹扩展方程及裂纹扩展门槛值,计算了给定初始裂纹尺寸下的裂纹扩展速率和扩展寿命。得出了不同裂纹扩展到临界长度时的运行里程,给出了空心轴的检修限度的参考值。The service loads of the axles were defined. According to the load spectrum from the measured dynamic stress of the hollow axles, the stress distribution on the high-speed axle profile is obtained by Finite Element calculating. Although the axle belongs to giga-cycles fatigue component, here, a foreign object damage and other causes may resulting in surface cracks on the axle are considered. At the same time, the initial surface cracks size is given according to the non-damage test technology. Based on the linear elastic fracture mechanics theory, the relation between the stress intensity factor and the crack size was also studied. According to the fatigue crack propagation equation and the corresponding crack propagation threshold, the propagation rate and fatigue life of a given crack with initial size were calculated. Then the paper gave the running distances before the crack propagates to the critical length, and the reference values for the examining and repairing limit of the hollow axle.

关 键 词：动车组 空心车轴 载荷 疲劳裂纹 扩展特性 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程] O346.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]