保护性耕作下农田土壤风蚀量及其影响因子的研究初报  

A Preliminary Study on Soil Wind Erosion and its Impact Factors with Conservation Tillage

作　　者：李琳[1] 王俊英[1] 刘永霞[1] 周继红[1] 韩烈刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100101

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第15期211-214,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京市农业科技项目"北京地区农田风蚀影响与控制技术研究"(20080810)

摘　　要：【研究目的】通过对保护性耕作下土壤风蚀影响与控制的研究,旨在为指导京郊裸露农田治理和结构调整,生态补贴的实施提供理论依据。【方法】2008年4月采用移动式风洞仪进行研究,并得出以下初步结论:【结果】(1)六种地块下土壤风蚀量以裸露翻旋地最高,种植越冬覆盖作物能显著降低土壤风蚀量;不同免耕播种机和秸秆处理方式下,风蚀量区别主要在于播种机,以迪尔风蚀量最低,农哈哈机型最高;四种耕作方式下土壤风蚀量以旋耕地最高,翻耕地比旋耕地降低80.81%,重耙和免耕地风蚀量分别比旋耕地降低95.35%和97.71%;冬小麦五种不同播期下土壤风蚀量随着播期的推后逐渐增大。(2)四种作物中小麦田的覆盖率最高,其次为紫花苜蓿和小黑麦,油菜覆盖率最低;四种耕作方式下耙耕小麦田覆盖率最高为84.00%,旋耕最低为55.33%;五个播期下9月27日播种的小麦田覆盖率显著高于其他播期,10月7日和10月12日最低。(3)将土壤风蚀量作为依变量,覆盖率、作物株高和土壤容重作为自变量进行多元回归分析,并建立多元回归方程:Y=173.186-0.449x1-0.485x2-72.699x3。In this paper, we studied farmland soil wind erosion and its impact factors in Beijing city under conservation tillage in use of Movable Erosion Wind Tunnel. The results show that （1） the volume of soil wind erosion in rotary exposed farmland shows the highest spin in Six plots, cover crops planted in winter can significantly reduce the volume of soil erosion; In different no-tillage methods and straw treatment, the amount of wind erosion depends on seeding-machine, and the volume of Deere comes up to minimum, agricultural haba maximum; Volume of soil erosion in rotary reach the highest spin in four farming methods, plough tillage less 80.81% than rotary, and harrow tillage less 97.71%,no tillage less 95.35%; With the delay of sowing dates, the amount of soil erosion in winter wheat increases. （2） The coverage of wheat field attain to the highest, followed by alfalfa and triticale, and rape the minimum coverage; In four fields of wheat, harrow-tillage coverage comes up to the highest 84.00%, and rotary to the lowest 55.33%; Wheat field coverage planted on September 27 was significantly higher than other sowing date, October 7 and October 12 the lowest. （3） Take the volume of soil erosion as dependent variable, and coverage, crop height and soil bulk density as independent variables for multiple regression analysis, then set up multiple regression equation： Y=173.186-0.449x1-0.485x2- 72.699x3.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 土壤风蚀量 覆盖率 影响因子 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]