流域生态补偿的环境责任界定模型研究  

Modeling Environmental Responsibility Definition in Ecological Compensation of Watershed

作　　者：许晨阳[1] 钱争鸣[2] 李雍容[1] 彭本荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋事务与环境科学研究中心,福建厦门361005 [2]厦门大学经济学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2009年第8期1488-1496,共9页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"非对称信息下中央与地方两级政府的环境治理对策研究"的研究成果(08BJY076)

摘　　要：流域生态补偿机制被认为是解决相邻区域、上下游及更高层次上经济发展与生态系统保护问题的有效途径。但是生态补偿标准的计算十分复杂且目前还未解决。关键问题是对流域各方责任的界定。而流域环境责任可理解为流域各区域所应分配的排污权,论文提出并设计流域排污权优化分配模型,以满足各行政区之间公平性为基础,同时考虑经济最优(效率)的目标,构建了初始排污权免费分配的一个非线性决策模型,通过计算得到流域各方排污权的最优分配方案。然后以沿淮河流域四省为应用实例,以此计算出各个行政区的规划排污量。结果显示:不仅分配方案比原配额分配更加公平,而且经过模型分配后,污染物削减成本大幅降低。Ecological compensation mechanism of watershed is recognized as an effective way to resolve economic development and environmental protection problems of districts in the watershed.However,the determination of criteria for water quality compensation is very complicated and not yet well-solved.One crucial part in addressing compensation criteria problem is the definition of environmental responsibility among districts of the watershed.In an effort to discern the responsibility of individual districts,this paper determines the optimal allocation strategy of emission permits for districts in the watershed through building an emission permit allocation model.To model the allocation of emission permit,this paper establishes a non-linear programming model seeking for optimal economics earnings based on the fairness among the individual districts,by which the optimal emission permits of each districts could be calculated.The paper takes four provinces in Huaihe watershed as a study case.The results indicated that the allocation program is fairer than previous allocation and have reduced a great deal of abatement cost.

关 键 词：流域生态补偿 责任界定 排污权优化分配模型 公平 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]