籼粳杂交稻米外观品质性状的遗传及基因型×环境互作效应研究  

Genetic Effects and Genotype×Environment Interactions for Appearance Quality Traits in Indica japonica Crosses of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

作　　者：陈建国[1] 朱军[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农业大学农学系

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1998年第4期1-7,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家教委"跨世纪优秀人才"专项基金

摘　　要：用包括基因型×环境互作效应的种子性状遗传模型，对籼粳交组合的３个外观品质性状（粒长、粒宽和长宽比）的遗传特性进行了研究。结果表明：在籼粳交组合中，这３个性状的遗传表达主要受母体加性和直接加性效应控制，以母体加性效应为主。母体加性和直接加性效应之间还有显著的负向遗传协方差。部分性状的直接显性、母体显性和细胞质效应方差分量也达到显著或极显著水平。基因型×环境互作主要表现为直接加性×环境、母体加性×环境和母体显性×环境互作。直接遗传率和母体遗传率的估计值都极显著，以母体遗传率较大。显性效应的表现因性状和配组方式而有所不同，基因型×环境互作只影响显性表达的程度，而不改变其方向。另外，根据各性状的遗传效应预测值对供试亲本的利用价值作了评价。Genetic studies were conducted on three appearance quality traits (kernel length, kernel width and length/width ratio) of indica japonica hybrid rice, using genetic models with genotype×environment interactions for seed traits. The results indicated that these traits were mainly controlled by direct additive and maternal additive effects, with maternal additive effect predominating. The variance components of direct dominant, maternal dominant and cytoplasmic effects were also significant or highly significant for some traits. Genotype×environment (GE) interactions expressed mainly as direct additive×environment, maternal additive×environment and maternal dominant×environment interaction. Direct and maternal heritabilities were highly significant for the three traits, and the latter was larger than the former. Dominant effects varied with different traits and cross types, and GE interaction could only influence the expression extents of dominant effects, without changing their directions. The potential values of parental lines for the improvement of rice quality were discussed in respect to predicted values of genetic effects.

关 键 词：水稻 籼粳杂交 外观品质 遗传效应 互作效应 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]