小麦对条锈病的高温抗病性研究  

High Temperature Resistance of Wheat to Stripe Rust

作　　者：商鸿生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学植保系

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1998年第4期46-50,共5页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;陕西省科技攻关计划资助

摘　　要：植物的高温抗病性是由较高的环境温度所诱导的一种低反应型抗病性。１９８９年以来系统研究小麦对条锈病的高温抗病性，鉴选出２８个高温抗条锈的小麦品种，利用这些品种作试材发现小麦的高温抗条锈性仅在病程的潜育期和显症期表达，最低诱导温度为１８～２１℃，最短诱导时间为８～１２ｈ，且温度诱导无累积效应。高温抗条锈性无小种专化性，是一种持久抗病性，防病保产效能很高。组织病理学和细胞学研究证实高温抗条锈性具有典型的过敏性坏死特征。在其表达早期，木质素合成关键酶活性显著增强，木质素迅速积累。蛋白质的体内合成和Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ＋）－ＲＮＡ体外转译试验表明，伴随着高温抗病性表达产生了６种分子量不同的病程相关蛋白。High Temperature Resistance (HTR) of plant is a kind of resistance of low infection type,which is induced by higher environment temperature.A series of experiments on HTR of wheat to stripe rust have been conducted since 1989. As many as 28 cultivars with HTR were selected and confirmed. The results of experiments with those cultivars indicated that the HTR to stripe rust was induced only in the infection stages of incubation and symptom expression,the lowest inducing temperature was 18～21℃, the shortest inducing time span of treatment was 8～12h. The temperature inducement showed no accumulated effect. It was evident that HTR to stripe rust was non race specific and durable,which remarkably reduced the rust severity and yield loss. Histopathological and cytopathological examinations revealed typical necrotic hypersensitive characteristics of HTR. The early expression of HTR was accompanied by a massive increase in the amounts of lignin and in the activity of key enzymes in lignin synthesis. Protein synthesis in vivo and the in vitro translation of Poly(A +) RNA of wheat cultivars with HTR showed that six mRNAs encoded pathogenesis related proteins with different molecular weight were produced.

关 键 词：小麦 条锈病 高温抗病性 持久抗病性 

分 类 号：S512.102[农业科学—作物学] S432.21