流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗一针次强化免疫较长期效果评价  

Assessment on the long-term efficacy of one-dose Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine strengthening vaccination

作　　者：刘铭[1] 田兴国[2] 张中权[3] 高前荣 邓茂铭 蒋凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所,贵阳550001 [2]六盘水市疾病预防控制中心 [3]遵义市疾病预防控制中心 [4]铜仁地区疾病预防控制中心 [5]黔东南州疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2009年第4期338-340,共3页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：2007年度贵州省卫生厅科技基金及青年人才基金

摘　　要：目的探讨一针次流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)减毒活疫苗强化免疫措施在乙脑自然疫源地环境1～3年较长期防控效果,为制定下一步防控措施提供依据。方法以贵州省2004-2006年仅经历过一次乙脑减毒活疫苗强化免疫活动且自然暴露时间相同的儿童作为观察对象,动态分析其强化免疫后1～3年发病专率变化,对该人群所有乙脑确诊病例开展免疫史回顾性调查。结果强化免疫县当年乙脑发病率较前一年均大幅度下降,下降幅度平均为62.36%。但个别县强化免疫1～2年后疫情出现反弹,病例中强化免疫目标儿童占73.28%,随机调查27例,均未接种过乙脑疫苗。免疫后1～3年观察对象发病专率分别为6.25/10万、5.77/10万、4.54/10万,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.73,P>0.05)。调查观察对象中所有实验室诊断病例52例,乙脑疫苗接种率为1.92%,低于对照组(29.41%),二者差异有统计学意义(χ2=52.74,P<0.01)。结论在贵州省乙脑自然疫源地环境中一针次乙脑减毒活疫苗强化免疫措施1～3年较长期疫情控制效果良好,提高目标儿童接种率是落实措施效果的有效手段。个别县强化免疫后1～2年疫情出现反弹与当地强化免疫活动实际接种率低有关。Objective To explore control efficacy of one-dose Japanese encephalitis（JE） attenuated live vaccine in 1-3 years in JE endemic areas, and provide the evidence for its control. Methods The children who only inoculated one-dose JE attenuated live vaccine from 2004 to 2006 in Guizhou were investigated, and its incidence rate within 1-3 years after inoculation was analyzed. At the same time, the immunization retrospective study to all the JE confirmed cases was done. Results The incidence rate of JE immunization county declined 62.36% compared to that of last year, but it rebounded after inoculation for 1-2 years in some counties. Among the cases investigated, the targeted children accounted for 73.28%. No JE vaccine had been inoculated in 27 cases sampled randomly. The incidence rates of objectors were no significant difference after immunization for 1-3 years（X^2=0.73, P〉0.05）, which were 6.25/100 000, 5.77/100 000 and 4.54/100 000, respectively. The inoculation rates were 1.92% among 52 diagnosed cases, lower than that of the control（29.41%）, and significant difference was found between them （E2= 52.74, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The long-term control efficacy of one dose JE attenuated live vaccine is very good after inoculation for 1-3 years, and the effective method to realize control efficacy is the increase of inoculation rate. The rebound of incidence rate was related to the actual inoculation rate in some counties after immunization for 1-2 years.

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗 强化免疫 发病率 接种率 

分 类 号：R512.32[医药卫生—内科学]