三种重金属对长江口纹缟虾虎鱼早期发育的毒性作用  

TOXICOLOGY OF THREE HEAVY METAL IONS TO EARLY LIFEDEVELOPMENT OF TRIDENTIGER TRIGONOCEPHALUS COLLECTED FROM THE YANGTZE ESTUARY

作　　者：庄平[1,2] 赵优[1,3] 章龙珍[1,2] 冯广朋[1,2] 刘鉴毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201316 [3]唐山出入境检验检疫局,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2009年第8期719-726,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(30490234);国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2008AA10Z227);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)资助项目(2007M02,2008M01);国家科技基础条件平台资助项目(2006DKA30470-004);上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区资助项目(沪鲟保研200708311001)

摘　　要：纹缟虾虎鱼广泛分布于长江口水域,它摄食底栖生物,同时又被大型鱼类所食,在长江口水域食物链中处于重要地位。研究了Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+3种重金属离子对长江口纹缟虾虎鱼从受精卵到出膜期、器官形成初期到出膜期、眼点形成期到出膜期等3个早期发育阶段孵化率和初孵仔鱼畸形率的影响,同时对早期仔鱼进行急性毒性试验。结果表明:3种重金属对胚胎及初孵仔鱼毒性大小依次为Cu2+>Zn2+>Pb2+。纹缟虾虎鱼胚胎在3种重金属影响下出现身体弯曲、萎缩和残缺,未能形成体节,心包囊肿等症状,还会出现较少见的胚体分叉、增生现象。纹缟虾虎鱼初孵仔鱼出现胸腔膨大、身体畸形等现象。仔鱼受重金属影响后,短期内表现出运动加剧,而后逐渐活力下降,个别仔鱼出现头部或者身体中部弯曲症状。Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+对早期仔鱼的安全浓度分别为0.010、0.136和0.167 mg/L。研究结果可评估环境中重金属对纹缟虾虎鱼早期发育各个阶段的影响,亦为长江口水质监测与净化、纹缟虾虎鱼的资源增值以及中华鲟幼鱼栖息地饵料资源的保障提供参考。Tridentiger trigonocephalus, a small-sized fish species widely distributed in the Yangtze estuary, feeds on benthic organisms;contrarily it is preyed by large-sized carnivorous fishes. Thus, it plays an important role in the food chain of the Yangtze estuarine ecosystem. Early life stages of many fish species are sensitive to heavy metal pollution. As industrial development, heavy metal pollution has become a problem in the Yangtze estuarine area. However,the studies of toxicology of heavy metal ions to the early life of T. trigonocephalus are scarce. In this study, the effects of Cu^2＋ , Zn^2＋ and Pb^2＋ on four early developmental periods, i. e. , fertilized egg to hatching stage, organogenesis stage to hatching stage, eyed stage to hatching stage and larval stage of T. trigonocephalus were investigated. Experimental results showed that the intensity of toxic effects of 3 heavy metal ions was Cu^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Pb^2＋. Toxic symptom of embryo was body curvature,body atrophy, body deformity and pericardial tumefaction. At the beginning of toxicosis larvae moved acutely,and then gradually became weak. The head and body of some experimental larvae appeared curving. The safety concentration of Cu^2＋ ,Zn^2＋ and Pb^2＋ to the early larvae Was 0.010mg/L,0.136mg/L and 0.167mg/L, respectively. The purpose of this study is to provide information that may help to evaluate pollution effects on early life stages of fishes, and to provide guidance for the conservation of important fish species in the Yangtze estuary.

关 键 词：纹缟虾虎鱼 重金属污染 毒性试验 胚胎 早期仔鱼 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖] S922.5[农业科学—水产科学]