地下水位对油菜生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Water Table on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Growth and Yield

作　　者：宋丰萍[1] 胡立勇[1] 周广生[1] 吴江生[1] 傅廷栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》2009年第8期1508-1515,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD21B03);国家油菜现代产业技术体系项目(NYCYTC-00510)资助

摘　　要：长江流域油菜生产主要采用水稻油菜轮作种植模式，地下水位高，易产生湿害。本试验采用PVC筒，在油菜4个生育期分别进行0、30、60和90 cm的地下水位处理，然后恢复至60 cm水位，比较2个耐渍性不同的油菜品系在不同生育期、不同水位条件下的生长状况及产量，从而确定油菜各生育阶段的适宜地下水位，为南方稻茬油菜排水降湿管理提供依据。试验结果表明： （1）地下水位高低影响了油菜的根系发育、地上部生长及产量形成；（2）就产量而言，各生育期对水分的敏感性依次为蕾薹期、花期﹥苗期、角果发育成熟期；（3）油菜苗期适宜地下水位为30~90 cm，蕾薹期、花期为30~60 cm，角果发育成熟期为30~90 cm；（4）就全生育期而言，即使选用耐渍性较弱的品种，地下水位控制在30~60 cm时能满足油菜生长发育及产量形成需求。Adopting rice and rapeseed rotation system, the fields always have higher water table which is harmful to rapeseed at Yangzi river regions. To drain well for rapeseed in the post-rice field, we studied the suitable water table at four stages of the rapeseed growth and development with PVC tube. Agronomic traits of two rapeseed lines with different waterlogging tolerance were investigated to compare effects of different water table levels on rapeseed growth and yield. Four different water table level treatments （0, 30, 60 and 90 cm up to the soil surface） were carried out at the seedling, bud, flowering, and maturity stages, respectively. After the treatments, water level returned to 60 cm, a normal level. The results was at follows： （1） The water table determined roots depth, the development of roots, the growth of the above-ground parts and the yield; （2） The sensitivity to waterlogging different stages of rapeseed was bud stage and flowering stage 〉 seedling stage, pod and mature period; （3） The suitable water table levels in bud stage, flowering stage/seedling stage and mature period were 30 to 90 cm, 30 to 60 cm and 30 to 90cm, respectively; （4） The water table from 30 to 60 cm may meet the requirements for growth and yield in the rapeseed , even in the more sensitive rapeseed lines to waterlogging.

关 键 词：油菜 稻茬免耕 地下水位 产量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]