植物表面蜡质对植食性昆虫的影响研究进展  

Effects of Plant Epicuticular Waxes on Phytophagous Insects Behaviour

作　　者：王美芳[1,2] 陈巨莲[1] 原国辉[3] 雷振生[2] 吴政卿[2] 赵献林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所//植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]河南农业科学院小麦研究中心,河南郑州450002 [3]河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第3期1155-1160,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973计划课题(2006CB100203);国家科技支撑计划项目课题(2006BAD08A05);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2009ZX08002-002B);国家自然科学基金项目(30771339)

摘　　要：植物表面蜡质的最初角色是防止植株体内水分的散失和外界水分的进入,其分布的部位、化学成分和结构的复杂性与复杂的生态角色相对应。植物表面蜡质的物理化学特性能够抵抗各种各样生物与非生物侵害,这些侵害包括真菌病害、植食性昆虫、太阳射线、冻结温度等。植物表面蜡质还是植物、植食性昆虫及其捕食者和寄生者相互作用的竞技场,其特有的化学成分和形态学特征赋予它特有的生态机能,这些机能之一便是植物与植食性昆虫之间相互作用的媒介。植物表面蜡质的物理结构和数量能够影响植食性昆虫的附着和移动。表面蜡质可通过影响天敌对植食性害虫的捕食,从而间接影响植食性害虫的行为。表面蜡质提取物和单一的蜡质成分能够刺激或者抑制植食性昆虫产卵、活动和取食。烷烃、蜡酯、游离脂肪醇和酸等脂肪族化合物是表面蜡质的主要成分,在植食性昆虫选择寄主植物中,长链脂肪族化合物起着尤为重要的作用;芳香族化合物也影响昆虫对寄主植物的选择。植食性昆虫较少在光滑蜡质少表现型的作物上取食,在光滑蜡质少表现型的作物上,表面蜡质的数量少,化学组分和形态学特征也不同。研究光滑蜡质少作物抗虫的分子生物学机制,有助于阐明植物表面蜡质在植物与昆虫之间所起的作用。表面蜡质的理化特性能够改变害虫与寄主植物间的相互作用,具有重要的农业影响,已成为一个活跃的研究领域。The primary role of epicuticular wax on aerial plant surfaces is prevention of water loss and entry, but their location, chemical and structural complexity are consistent with the variety of ecological roles. The physical and chemical properties of plant epicuticular waxes play an important role in plant resistance to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, including those caused by fun- gal pathogens, phytophagous insects, solar radiation, freezing temperatures, etc. Plant surface waxes determine the structural mor- phology and physical properties of the plant surface on a scale relevant to phytophagous and entomophagous insects. Those spe- cies-specific chemical composition and their variable crystal morphology of epicuticular waxes suggest other ecological functions. Among these functions is mediation of interactions between plants and insect herbivores. The physical structure and amount of plant surface wax can effect insect herbivore attachment and locomotion. Surface wax may also affect herbivores indirectly by influencing predatory and parasitic insects. Epicuticular wax extracts and individual wax components enhance or deter oviposition, movement and feeding. Most plant waxes are composed of aliphatic components including n-alkanes, wax esters, free fatty alcohols, and flee fatty acids. Long-chain aliphatie epicuticular wax constituents clearly play an important role in host-plant selection by phytophagous insects. In addition to the hydrocarbon fractions, there are reports that aromatic constituents also affect insect selection of plant hosts. Glossy crop phenotypes are often less susceptible to insect herbivores than normal phenotypes. The epicuticular wax of glossy plants are usually reduced in amount and have dramatically different chemical composition and morphology. Studies the glossy plants anti-insect the molecular biology mechanism can help elucidate the role of plant surface wax in insect-plant interactions. The obser- vations that chemical and physical properties of plant epicuticular waxes c

关 键 词：表面蜡质 植食性昆虫 植物保护 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]