叶尔羌河流域潜水蒸发规律试验分析  

ANALYSIS OF THE PHREATIC EVAPORATION IN YARKANT RIVER BASIN, XINJIANG

作　　者：毛晓敏[1] 李民 沈言俐[1] 何长德[2] 周凯[2] 艾尼瓦尔.阿不都热依木 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [2]新疆叶尔羌河流域管理处,莎车844000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》1998年第3期44-50,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!59579010

摘　　要：本文根据新疆叶尔羌河流域地下水均衡场的潜水蒸发试验资料，探讨了潜水蒸发的影响因素，对潜水蒸发量进行了公式拟合。结果表明，指数型公式、阿维里扬诺夫公式和清华公式比较适合于该地区潜水蒸发量的估算，幂函数型公式的拟合结果较差，简化的指数型公式有一定的适用范围。As the main water consumption way in the vertical direction of the groundwater in arid area in Northwest China, phreatic evaporation is one of the main reason for water resources deficiency and soil salinization. The research on influence factor to phreatic evaporation and the calculation method is very important to the evaluation of groundwater resources. In order to find out the rule of phreatic evaporation and evaluate the groundwater resources exactly in Yarkant River Basin in Xinjiang, groundwater balance station was founded in Shache County.Phreatic water evaporation experiment has been carried out since 1993. The experiment includes 54 survey canister for 54 treatments with different soil textures and different phreatic water depth. The modified Mariotte Bottle is applied for water supply and groundwater level control in the canister. The infiltration water flows into the measuring glass through balance bottle. The phreatic evaporation of six different soil textures, including gravel, fine sand, fine sand soil, sand loam, light loam and mid loam in different phreatic depth is measured daily. Moreover, meteorological observation is carried out at the station. Based on the observation,factors influencing phreatic evaporation are discussed and empirical formulae for estimatingphreatic evaporation are regressed. It shows that the main factors influencing the phreatic evaporation are soil texture, phreatic water depth and the atmosphere evaporation capacity. The phreatic evaporation varies with the atmosphere evaPOration capacity. The smaller the phreatic water depth, the greater the influence of the atmosphere evaporation capacity to the phreatic evaporation. The phreatic evaporation decreases with the increase of phreatic depth. When the phreatic depth is larger than a critical value, the phreatic evaporation is close to zero. The phreatic evaporation also varies with the soil texture. Generally, when the phreatic depth is small, the phreatic evaporation is greater as the soil texture is coarser. However, whe

关 键 词：潜水 蒸发 潜水蒸发系数 经验公式 叶尔羌河流域 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]