护坡拦蓄保水措施对三峡地区坡地土壤水分含量及玉米的影响  

Influence of Slope Protection Water-retention Measures on Maize and Slope Soil Moisture Content in Three Gorges Region

作　　者：艾训儒[1] 王柏泉[1] 沈作奎[1] 易咏梅[1] 丁莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北民族学院,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2009年第3期360-364,359,共6页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"农田水分生产潜力及适度开发研究"(2006BAD29B01)

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究护坡拦蓄保水措施对三峡地区坡地玉米农艺性状、产量及土壤含水量的影响。结果显示:在玉米全生育期,护坡拦蓄保水能明显降低地表径流量,增加土壤存留量,与对照区相比,拦蓄能力为总降水量的5.1%,保水能力提高了42.2%;各层土壤平均重量含水量比对照区高4.9个百分点;在相同的肥力梯度条件下,护坡拦蓄保水措施使玉米地径增大0.2～0.4cm,苗高增加14.5～49.9cm,叶片数增加1片,最大叶片长度增长2.2～8.8cm。护坡拦蓄保水具有明显的增产效应,在不施肥、低肥、高肥、特高肥条件下,分别增产85.9%、21.4%、10.9%和5.1%。护坡拦蓄保水措施对玉米千粒重影响不大,但与施肥水平有关,表现为低肥<高肥<特高肥,其千粒重依次为362±1g、370±1g和381±1g。The influence of the slope protection water-retention measures on maize growth and yields and soil moisture content in the Three Gorges was studied through the field experiments. The results showed that the slope protection water-retention was able to decrease the surface ruoff and increase the soil water reserves during the growing period of maize. The capability of water-retention was by 5. 1% of the total precipitation amount, and the water protection increased by 42.2% , while the average moisture content at each soil layer increased by 4.9% , compared with the check. Under the condition of the different grades of the soil fertility, the slope protection water-retention measures enlarged the basal diameter of the maize with 0.2-0.4cm, while the maize height increased by 14.5-49.9cm, the number of leaves increased one and the biggest leaf lengthened by 2.2-8.8era. The slope protection water-retention had an obvious effect of yields. Under the condition of no fertilizer application, low-heavily fertilizer application, highheavily fertilizer application and highestheavily fertilizer application, the maize yield increased by 85.9% , 21.4% , 10.9% and 5.1% respectively. The slope protection water-retention had not significant impacts on thousand grain weight of the maize, which was related to the capability of fertilizer application.

关 键 词：护坡拦蓄保水 土壤含水量 玉米 三峡地区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] TV213[农业科学—农业基础科学]