地震所致成批胸外伤特点与急救护理措施  

The Profile of Chest Injuries Arising from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its Care in District Central Hospital

作　　者：刘燕[1] 袁岚[1] 张梅[1] 陈桂枝[1] 刘华英[1] 梁利群[1] 周洪霞[1] 赵雍凡[1] 伍伫[1] 陈龙奇[1] 王允[1] 寇瑛俐[1] 蒲强[1] 车国卫[1] 刘伦旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院胸心外科,四川成都610041

出　　处：《华西医学》2009年第7期1858-1861,共4页West China Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的:分析与研究"5.12"汶川大地震所致成批胸外伤患者的特点及护理措施,为灾难性胸外伤护理方法提供有益的经验与措施。方法:回顾性分析"5.12"汶川大地震发生后10天内四川大学华西医院胸心外科普胸病区收治的75例住院患者资料,总结护理方法与效果。结果:75例患者均有不同程度的皮肤挫裂伤和擦伤(100%),血胸75例(100%),血气胸24例(32%),肋骨骨折75例(100%),锁骨骨折6例(8%),肩胛骨骨折11例(14.7%),肺穿刺伤3例(4%),右主支气管断裂1例(1.33%),左侧膈肌破裂2例(2.7%),肺不张29例(38.7%)。同时伴有其它部位损伤:四肢骨折10例(13.3%),脊柱损伤2例(2.7%),脑损伤2例(2.7%),脾破裂2例(2.7%),胃破裂1例(1.33%)。住院期间死亡1例,其余患者均康复。结论:"5.12"地震胸外伤以血、气胸和肋骨骨折为主,合并严重的脏器损伤和复合伤是其主要特征,通过精心护理,可以降低死亡率和并发症的产生,促进患者康复。Objective： To better provide nursing experiences for devastating disasters, we analyzed and summarized the pattern of chest injuries and caring experience for patients injured in 8.0 Richter scale earthquake which struck Wenchuan at 14：28 pm on May 12, 2008 in China. Methods： Records of the patients injured in the earthquakes and admitted in our thoracic ward till May 22 were reviewed retrospectively. Results： 75 （100%） patients were all found to have skininjury,rib fracture and hemothorax. Of which, 24 pneumohemothorax（32%）,6 clavicular fracture（8%）,11 scapular fracture（14.7%）,3 lung penetrating injure（4.0%）,2 diaphragmatic rupture（2. 7%）,1 bronchial rupture（1. 3 %） ,29 pulmonary atelectasis （38. 7%） were also found. There were complicated with 10 extremities fracture （ 13. 3%） ,2 vertebral fracture（2. 7%）, 2 craniocerebral injury（2. 7%）, 2 spleen rupture （2. 7%）, 1 stomach rupture（ 1. 33% ）. One patient died in hospital（1.33 % ）. Conclusion： Hemothorax and rib tracture were the most common types of chest injury. However, there were severely visceral and compound injuries complicated. The mortality rate could be low with better nursing.

关 键 词：地震 胸外伤 护理 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]