大田生长期全程高温胁迫对杂交水稻生育后期生长发育及产量形成的影响  

Effects of High Temperature Stress of the Whole Main Field Period on the Growth and Grain Yield Formation in the Late Stage of Hybrid Rice

作　　者：李敏[1,2] 马均[1] 傅泰露[1] 童平[1] 吴合洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130 [2]贵州省水稻研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2009年第4期65-71,共7页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A05);四川省育种攻关专项(2006yzgg-28)

摘　　要：选用5个杂交水稻组合为材料,以自然条件下大田生长为对照,通过玻璃温室研究了大田生长期全程高温胁迫对杂交水稻生育后期的生长发育及产量形成的影响。结果表明:大田生长期高温胁迫引起各组合有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重较大田对照不同程度下降,其中对结实率的影响最大,最终导致产量显著下降。高温条件下水稻叶面积指数和净光合速率都不同程度下降,植株干物质生产减少,茎鞘物质转运受阻,茎鞘物质输出率和转换率都显著下降;高温条件下抽穗后的茎鞘物质输出率、转换率与品种耐热系数均呈显著正相关,耐热性较强的品种能在高温胁迫后保持较高的茎鞘物质转换率。在高温胁迫下,孕穗期SOD活性增强,叶片可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量增加,但随着高温持续时间的延长,灌浆期SOD活性急剧减弱,叶片可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量迅速下降。MDA含量升高,膜脂过氧化加剧,耐热性弱的品种更为明显。The effects of high temperature stress of the whole main field period on the growth and grain yield forma- tion in the late stage of hybrid rice were studied under the conditions of green house （HT） and natural field （CK） with five widely-used hybrids as the materials. The results showed that the yield traits including the number of ef- fective panicles, the number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were all decreased to a different extent under the conditions of high temperature stress for the whole main field period. Especially, the seed setting rate was greatly decreased and resulted in a heavy loss of grain yield. In addition, under high tempera- ture stress, the LAI and net photosynthetic rate were also decreased to some extent, resulting in less dry matter pro- duction. The high temperature stress affected the translocation and transformation of dry matter in stems and sheaths, too. It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the heat tolerant index of a varie- ty and its translocation percentage, transformation percentage of dry matter in stems and sheaths after heading under high temperature conditions. The hybrids with a stronger heat tolerance maintained a higher transformation percent- age of dry matter in stems and sheaths under the high temperature stress. Under the high temperature stress, the activity of SOD was enhanced and the soluble sugar and free proline contents were increased in booting stage, but the SOD activity, soluble sugar and free proline contents were rapidly lowered in grain filling stage; the MDA con- tent kept increasing from booting to grain filling stage, resulting in a faster membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves, especially for those hybrids with poorer heat tolerance.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 大田生长期 高温胁迫 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311