玉米幼胚和成熟胚愈伤组织诱导过程中内源激素的比较  

COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC CHANGES OF ENDOGENOUS HORMONES IN CALLUS BETWEEN MATURE AND IMMATURE EMBRYOS OF MAIZE

作　　者：贾小霞[1] 王汉宁[1] 孔维萍[2] 梁慧光[3] 张金文[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学理学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《核农学报》2009年第4期555-560,616,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家高新技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2004AA207140)

摘　　要：以玉米自交系87—1的幼胚和成熟胚为材料，用酶联免疫法测定了不同培养时间诱导的幼胚及成熟胚愈伤组织内源脱落酸（ABA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、赤霉素（GA3）和细胞分裂素（ZR）含量的动态变化。结果表明，在0～7d时，幼胚及成熟胚的IAA和GA3含量均急剧下降，说明在胚萌发阶段IAA和GA3需求量较大。在幼胚胚性愈伤组织发生初期（14d左右），2种激素含量出现峰值，反映出幼胚较高水平的IAA和GA3含量，有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导。在胚萌发后的愈伤诱导阶段，成熟胚愈伤中队A、GA3和ABA含量以及IAA／ABA和GA3／ABA比值明显高于幼胚愈伤，且IAA／ABA和GA3／ABA比值均大幅度上升；而幼胚愈伤组织中IAA／ABA和GA3／ABA比值则稳定地维持在较低的水平上。可以认为，成熟胚愈伤组织中过高水平的IAA、GA3和ABA含量及IAA／ABA和GA3／ABA比值大幅度上升可能是导致其难以形成胚性愈伤组织的主要生理原因之一。Mature and immature embryos of maize inbred line 87 - 1 were used as explants to induce calli on improved N6 medium. The method of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was employed to detect endogenous contents of abscisic acid （ABA）, indoleacetic acid （IAA）, gibberellins （GA3） and cytokinins （ZR） of immature, mature embryos and their calli during culture. The IAA and GA3 levels decreased rapidly and reached their nadir on the 7th day, which indicated that it required a large number of IAA and GA3 to meet with germination of mature and immature embryos. Peak values of IAA and GA3 contents in callus of immature embryos were detected at the beginning of embryonic calli generation. It was thought that proper high levels of IAA and GA3 contents were benefit to induction of embryonic calli from immature embryos. Mature embryos showed higher levels of IAA, GA3, ABA contents and higher ratios of IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA than immature embryos. In callus of mature embryos, the changes of ratios IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA increased rapidly, however, callus of immature embryos kept low levels during the whole experimental period. The results indicated that the excessively high levels of IAA, GA3, ABA and sharp increase of ratios IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA might be the main physiological reason of failure to induct embryonic calli from mature embryos.

关 键 词：玉米 幼胚 成熟胚 愈伤组织诱导 内源激素 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.1