2008年江苏省农村改厕无害化处理效果评价  

Effect evaluation of non-hazardous treatment for lavatory improvement in rural areas of Jiangsu Province in 2008

作　　者：李健[1] 金小林[1] 徐祥珍[1] 沈明学[1] 吉兆华[1] 江文才[1] 高琪[1] 陈晓进[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省寄生虫病防治研究所、卫生部寄生虫病预防与控制技术重点实验室、江苏省寄生虫分子生物学重点实验室、江苏省寄生虫病学重点学科,无锡214064 [2]江苏省爱国卫生运动委员会办公室

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2009年第4期293-296,共4页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

摘　　要：目的调查2008年江苏省无害化卫生厕所建造和使用情况,评价其对粪便处理的卫生学和环境学效果,为指导江苏省农村改厕工作提供科学依据。方法在江苏省无害化卫生厕所普及率<80%的10个县(市、区)的20个改厕村,随机抽取300座已经改造的无害化卫生厕所,现场勘察三格式化粪池的建造是否符合要求。采集无害化卫生厕所进口粪稀、出口粪液样品,实验室检测粪大肠菌群(FC)、寄生虫卵、化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)和氨氮(AN)等指标。计算进、出口FC的平均合格率,COD、BOD5和AN平均去除率。结果在调查的300座无害化卫生厕所中,构筑物的各项指标均符合要求。600份样品中均未检出寄生虫卵。进、出口FC平均合格率分别为16.00%和97.67%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=407.783,P<0.01),出口COD、BOD5和AN平均去除率分别为63.00%、47.67%和8.67%。结论2008年江苏省农村改厕工作完成情况较好。无害化卫生厕所对粪便中FC有很好的杀灭作用,但对COD、BOD5和AN的去除效果不够理想,需做进一步处理。Objective To investigate the lavatory improvement in rural areas of Jiangsu Province in 2008 and evaluate the effect of the non-hazardous treatment of the septic tank so as to supply the evidence for policy-making. Methods Twenty villages in 10 counties where lavatory improvement rates had not reached to 80% were randomly chosen and surveyed. Meanwhile,the samples were collected from the inlet and outlet of three hundred ＂three-grille mode＂ septic tanks. The parasite eggs,chemical oxygen demand （COD）,five-day chemical oxygen demand （BOD5）,ammonia nitrogen （AN ） and fecal coliform （FC） were tested in lab. The quality rate of FC,removal rates of COD,BOD5 and AN were calculated. The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 17.0. Results During these septic tanks,the construction quality met the requirements. Parasite eggs were not detected in the six hundred samples. The mean quality rates of FC in the inlet and outlet of the septic tank were 16.00% and 97.67%,respectively. The mean removal rates of COD,BOD5 and AN of the septic tank were 63.00%,47.67% and 8.67%,respectively. For the FC mean quality rates,there was a significant difference between the inlet and outlet （χ^2=407.783,P〈0.01）. Conclusions The program of lavatory improvement in rural areas of Jiangsu Province finishes quite well. The quality rates of FC in outlet are high and meet to the requirement of non-hazardous treatment of night soil. However,the removal abilities of COD,BOD5 and AN are non-ideal and should be further conducted.

关 键 词：无害化处理 改厕 卫生厕所 效果评价 江苏省 

分 类 号：R383[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]