黄土地表生物结皮对土壤贮水性能及水分入渗特征的影响  

Effects of biological soil crusts on soil water storage capability and permeability in loess area

作　　者：王翠萍[1] 廖超英[1] 孙长忠[2] 田小雄[3] 吕建亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心,北京102300 [3]水利部黄委会黄河上中游管理局规划设计院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第4期54-59,64,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30670339)

摘　　要：采用双环法对山西省偏关县3种结皮覆盖下（苔藓藻结皮、藻结皮和薄层藻结皮）土壤的贮水性能和渗透特征进行了对比研究。结果表明：不同结皮覆盖下土壤的贮水能力受结皮厚度和孔隙度状况的影响较大,0-10 cm土层饱和贮水量为502.69-525.80 t/hm^2,滞留贮水量为169.71-198.29 t/hm^2;初渗速率的变化范围为5.19-11.10 mm/min,无结皮最高,苔藓藻结皮最低;稳渗速率变化范围为1.67-2.67 mm/min。采用的3种入渗模型（Kostiakov模型、Horton模型和Philip模型）中Horton模型的拟合值更接近于实测值,决定系数R2在0.98-0.99,更适用于描述本研究区具有生物结皮土壤的入渗特征。Method of double-rings was employed to study the characteristics of soil water storage capacity and permeability of three types of biological soil crust （moss-algal crust, algal crust and thin-layer algal crust） on the loess area of Pianguan, Shanxi Province. The results showed that water storage capacity of different crust types is influenced by the thickness of biological soil crust and soil porosity, the water storage capacity was from 502.69 - 525.80 t/hm^2 and the non-capillary water capacity was from 169.71 - 198.29 t/hm^2 with in 10ram soil depth of the three crust types. The soil initial permeability was from 5.19 -11.10 mm/min, the no crust soil had the highest velocity and the moss-algal crust soil had the lowest velocity. The solid permeability rate was from 1.67 -2.67 mm/min. By using the Horton seepage model, the fitted value was close to measured value and the range of determination coefficient was 0.98 -0.99. Therefore, the Horton seepage model was applied to describe the soil infiltration characters which covered with biological soil crust in experimental region.

关 键 词：土壤生物结皮 贮水能力 入渗速率 入渗模型 

分 类 号：S152.72[农业科学—土壤学]