施磷对夏玉米土壤硝态氮、吸氮特性及产量的影响  

Influence of applying phosphorus on soil nitrate N and nutrient uptake and yield of summer maize

作　　者：杜红霞[1,2] 吴普特[1,2,3] 王百群[3] 冯浩[2,3] 马军勇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第8期121-126,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"863"高新技术研究与发展计划项目(2006AA100204);新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(01140602);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施磷水平对夏玉米生长期土壤硝态氮时空分布、累积量及玉米籽粒产量的影响,为夏玉米合理施肥提供参考依据。【方法】采用田间小区试验,在施磷水平分别为0,60,120和180 kg/hm^2时,研究施磷对夏玉米产量及土壤氮素吸收累积的影响。【结果】在0-110 cm土层,随土壤剖面深度的增加,土壤硝态氮含量逐渐降低,0-30 cm土层明显高于30-110 cm土层且变幅较大,施磷肥能显著降低土壤硝态氮含量。随夏玉米生育期推进,0-110 cm土层硝态氮累积量呈先降低后升高的趋势,于灌浆期达到最低值;当施磷水平为120 kg/hm^2时,成熟期0-110 cm土层硝态氮累积量低于施磷60和180 kg/hm^2的处理;施磷肥能显著增加玉米籽粒产量、籽粒吸氮量及氮收获指数,均以施磷水平为120 kg/hm^2时最高。【结论】在施氮基础上施用磷肥,有利于提高玉米籽粒产量,促进作物对氮素的吸收累积,减少土壤中硝态氮的累积及向更深土层中的运移量。【Objective】 A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of applying phosphorus（P） fertilizer on soil nitrate N（NO3——N） distribution and accumulation amounts in soil profile,grain yield of summer maize to provide theoretical direction for applying P fertilizer（APF） to maize.【Method】 Different levels of P fertilizer were used in maize field,0,60,120,180 kg/hm^2 respectively.【Result】 Soil nitrate N concentration decreased obviously with the increase of soil depth in 0-110 cm layer,and NO3^- -N concentration in 0--30 cm layer had a larger variation range than that did in 30--110 cm layer. Applying N mixed with P decreased the amount of NO3 -N significantly in soil depth. Firstly there was a decrease and then increase on NO3 -N accumulation amounts in 0--110 cm layer following maize growth stages,and it reached lowest in stem elongation stage. NO3^- -N accumulation amounts of APF were lower than that of treatment of 60 and 180 kg/hm^2 at 120 kg/hm^2 during harvest stage in 0--110 cm layer. APF could improvesharply grain yield and amount of N taken by grain and N Harvest Index,which were the highest under the 120 kg/hm^2 of PFA treatment. [Conclusion] Based on applying N fertilizer,APF can increase yield clearly, and promote N absorption by crops,reduce the NO3^--N accumulation amounts and translocation of NO3^-- N in deep soil.

关 键 词：施磷 土壤硝态氮 籽粒产量 氮素累积量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]