黑河地区火干扰后天然次生林的分布格局  

Distribution Pattern of Natural Secondary Forests in Heihe Regions after Fire Disturbance

作　　者：刘滨凡[1] 刘广菊 李凤芝 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省森林工程与环境研究所 [3]伊春市林业科学研究院

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2009年第8期31-33,38,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C200625)

摘　　要：黑龙江省黑河地区为我国三大重点火险区之一,近20a火烧轮回期为35.8a,火干扰后天然次生林不同森林类型分布格局发生明显变化。黑河地区森林类型共归纳为9类,其中:软阔叶混交林类型面积分布为1.15×106hm2,占总面积的60.9%,为主要森林类型;原生顶极群落针阔混交林类型则分布极少,仅占总面积的3.0%;软阔叶混交林斑块为49889块,占总斑块的59.0%,针叶林及针阔混交林仅占总斑块的2.7%。林木蓄积多集中在软阔叶混交林中,为7.03×107m3,占总蓄积的56.8%,其次为白桦林、蒙古栎林和黑桦林森林类型,针叶林和针阔混交林蓄积占总蓄积的9.4%。黑河地区针阔叶森林类型比例严重失衡,远离了当地森林顶极群落类型,这是森林火灾和过度采伐造成的严重恶果。Heihe region of Heilongjiang Province is one of the three important fire danger areas in China. Its fire return interval is 35.8 years for recent 20 years. The distribution patterns of different forest types of natural secondary forests changed obviously after fire disturbance. There are nine types of forests in Heihe region, among which soft broad-leaved mixed forest, with an area of 1.15 ×10^6 hectare, is the main forest type, accounting for 60.9 percent of the total forest area in Heihe region. The primary climax community, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, only occupies 3.0 percent of the total. The patch number of soft broad-leaved mixed forests is 49 889, taking up 59.0 percent of the total patch number, while that of coniferous forests and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests only accounts for 2.7 percent of the total. Soft broad-leaved mixed forests have the highest stock vohane of 7.03×10^7 cube meters, accounting for 56.8 percent of the total volume, and then followed by Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica, and Betula dahurica forests, and coniferous forests and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests occupy 9.4 percent of the total. The unbalanced proportions of coniferous and broad-leaved forests, caused by forest fire and excessive cutting, result in the forest communities away form the local climax community.

关 键 词：天然次生林 火干扰 火烧迹地 森林类型 分布格局 

分 类 号：S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学] S718.54[农业科学—林学]