超临界酯交换法制备生物柴油工艺基础及其过程强化技术研究  

Investigation on Supercritical Transesterification for Biodiesel Production and Process Enhancement

作　　者：马震[1] 银建中[1] 商紫阳[1] 王亚琼[1] 徐刚[1] 修志龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学化工学院,辽宁大连116012 [2]大连理工大学环境与生命学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《化学与生物工程》2009年第8期1-7,共7页Chemistry & Bioengineering

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2007AA02Z208)

摘　　要：生物柴油以其优良的环境友好性和可再生性成为近年来的研究热点。简述了生物柴油的特性,比较了生物柴油制备工艺的优缺点,重点介绍了超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的研究现状,指出以共溶剂和催化剂强化超临界过程可以有效地改善反应条件;同时对超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的热力学和动力学进行了探讨,包括状态方程、混合体系临界参数、反应速率常数和反应活化能的估算方法;最后对超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的经济性进行了分析。结果表明,超临界酯交换法具有与传统酸碱催化过程相当的竞争性,尤其是对以餐饮废油等低成本油为原料的生产过程。Recently, the biodiesel has attracted a lot of attentions due to its environmental benign and renewable characteristic. In this paper, the properties of biodiesel were presented briefly. The merits and drawbacks of several production technologies of biodiesel were compared with each other. The supercritical methanol technique was described in detail. It was indicated that reaction conditions were improved by adding co-solvent or catalyst to intensify supereritical process. Moreover, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the supereriticat methanol technique were discussed,such as the appropriate equation of state, the calculating methods for critical parameters of mixture, the reaction rate constant and the activation energy. Finally, the economic feasibility was estimated and it was found that biodiesel synthesis via supercritical transesterification was economically competitive with conventional synthesis routes for low-cost feedstock, especially for waste cooking oil.

关 键 词：生物柴油 超临界甲醇法 过程强化 热力学 动力学 经济可行性 

分 类 号：TQ225.241[化学工程—有机化工] O621.256.4[理学—有机化学]