珠宝加工行业不良工效学因素流行病学调查  

INVESTIGATION ON ADVERSE ERGONOMIC FACTORS IN JEWEL PROCESSING INDUSTRY

作　　者：方少波[1] 黄丽静[1] 李林涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]罗湖区疾病预防控制中心,深圳518020

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第16期3025-3027,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解珠宝加工行业存在的不良工效学因素及其与作业人员健康损害的关系。[方法]采用作业场所工效学分析和问卷调查的方法对珠宝加工企业的不良工效学因素进行识别和评价,通过健康检查和问卷调查的方式了解作业人员的健康状况。[结果]目前珠宝加工行业存在不良工效学因素有不良作业姿势和动作、作业内容单调,以及较强的注意力程度等;观察组下背、右肩、手指疼痛率均明显高于对照组,观察组内执模组颈部、下背、腰部疼痛率高于其他组,抛光组右肩、左手手指、右手手指疼痛率高于其他组;观察组工人体检颈椎旁压痛和腰椎棘突压痛高于对照组。[结论]珠宝加工行业作业工人存在低头、伏案等强制作业姿势和动作,作业内容单调以及较强的注意力程度,与工人存在的肌肉骨骼肌系统的不适有密切关系。[Objective] To investigate the adverse ergonomic factors of jewel processing industry and its relationship with the health damage of workers. [Methods] Ergonomic workplace analysis,questionnaire and physical examination were used to identify and evaluate the adverse ergonomic factors of jewel processing industry,and the health status of workers were investigated by physical examination and questionnaire investigation. [Results] The adverse ergonomic factors in jewel processing were bad posture and action,humdrum operations and high attention. The prevalence of lower back, right arm and finger pains were respectively higher in observation group than those in control group. The neck, lower back and waist pains in rasping workers were respectively higher than those in other workers. The neck,lower back and waist pains in rasping workers were respectively higher than those in other workers, the right shoulder and finger in polishing workers were respectively higher than those in other workers. The prevalence of pains in cervical vertebra and lumbar vertebra through physical examination was much higher in observation group than that in control group.[Conclusion]Adverse ergonomic factors are relevant to high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in jewel processing workers.

关 键 词：珠宝加工 不良工效学因素 作业环境评价 骨骼肌疾病 

分 类 号：R181.21[医药卫生—流行病学]