中国西南葱属10种20居群的核型研究  

Karyotype in 20 Populations Belonging to 10 Species of Allium from Southwest China

作　　者：张宇澄[1] 周颂东[1] 任海燕[1] 逄云莉[1] 赵丽华[1] 李琴琴[1] 何兴金[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064

出　　处：《武汉植物学研究》2009年第4期351-360,共10页Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30670146);国家自然科技资源平台项目资助(2005DKA21403)~~

摘　　要：采用常规压片法,对采自中国西南地区的10种20个居群葱属(Allium L.)植物的根尖有丝分裂中期进行了观察,10种葱属植物分别为峨眉韭(Allium omeiense)、多星韭(A.wallichii)、大花韭(A.macranthum)、韭(A.tubero-sum)、高山韭(A.sikkimense)、天蓝韭(A.cyaneum)、西川韭(A.xichuanense)、野黄韭(A.rude)、野葱(A.chrysanthum)和真籽韭(A.eusperma)。供试类群中,核型类型为2A、2B和2C,其中2C为首次报道;染色体基数为7、8、11;5个种中存在多倍体,其中天蓝韭的5倍体居群为首次报道;6个种存在随体杂合现象。通过观察发现峨眉韭的核型不对称性与海拔高度存在相关性;四倍体大花韭的核型演化伴随着st染色体短臂的断裂和丢失。结合核型、形态学和繁育制度等特征,对部分类群的进化和组一级分类等级及其归属问题进行了探讨。Chromosome number and karyotype in 20 populations belonging to 10 species of Allium from China were reported in this paper, they were A. omeiens ,A. wallichi ,A. macranthum ,A. tuberosum ,A. sikkimense,A, cyaneum, A. xichuanense, A. rude, A. chrysanthum and A. eusperma. Based on Stebbins＇ karyotype classification there were 2A,2B and 2C types;the basic chromosome numbers were 7,8 and 11; satellite heterozygosis and polyploidy were common in these species. The results also show：the asymmetry index of A. omeiense was related to the altitude;pentaploidy A. macranthum evolved along with the fission and deletion of short-arms of st chromosome. Combined with the karyotypical, morphological and reprductire trait,the evolutional and systematical questions of some taxa were discussed.

关 键 词：葱属 核型 进化 分类 

分 类 号：Q949.718.23[生物学—植物学] Q942