阿拉善干旱荒漠区灌木多样性的特点  

The characters of shrubby diversity of Alxa arid desert region

作　　者：周志宇[1] 颜淑云[1] 秦彧[1] 邹丽娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2009年第9期146-150,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973项目)(2007CB108903)资助

摘　　要：阿拉善干旱荒漠区是我国典型的荒漠生态系统,它不仅是我国北方重要的生态屏障,也是我国六大生物多样性中心之一。在这一区域由于特殊的自然生态背景使之成为灌木种类的"天然王国"。拥有23科57属137种灌木、半灌木。灌木是荒漠植被的主要组分,它在维持荒漠生态系统生物多样性、生态服务功能及其稳定性方面具有重要作用。20世纪下半叶,随着人口快速增长导致的高强度人类活动,已深刻地改变了荒漠生态系统的结构及水分和能量循环过程,导致了灌木植物严重受损退化。为了保育灌木资源,提高人们对灌木在草地恢复中重要作用的认识,文中分析了灌木多样性分布的特点,论述了灌木在干旱荒漠区的特殊作用。结果显示:阿拉善高原丰富的灌木多样性具有广泛的代表性,是我国温带草原灌木多样性分布的中心和我国灌木资源多样性保育的关键地区之一。Alxa arid desert is a typical desert ecosystem in China. It is not only a significant ecological barrier of north China, but also one of the six biodiversity centres in China. This area has become the ＂Natural Kingdom＂ of the shrub formed on the special natural ecological background. There are 137 shrub and semishrub species belonging to 57 genera, 23 families. As the main component of desert vegetation, shrub plays an important role in mataining biodiversity, ecosystem service function and stability of desert ecosystem. In the latter half of the 20th century, high pressure of human activities with swift growth of population had profoundly changed structure of desert ecosystem and also its cycle process of water and energy and led to severe damage and degradation of shrubby plants. In order to conserve shrub resources and improve people＇s knowledge of the important role of shrub playing in grassland restoration, the characteristics of shrubby diversity distribution and the special role of shrub playing in arid desert area were analyzed in this paper. It was concluded that the shrubby diversity in Alxa Plateau has significant representativeness and is the center of the shrub distribution in the steppe of China＇s temperate zone, and also one of key areas of conservation of the diversification of China＇s shrub resources.

关 键 词：阿拉善 干旱荒漠区 灌木多样性 生态特征 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]