荒漠河谷胡杨残林复壮更新试验研究  

Experimental study on rejuvenation and regeneration of residual Populus euphratica forest in desert valley

作　　者：田永祯[1,2] 司建华[2] 程业森[1] 赵菊英[1] 白莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿拉善盟林业治沙研究所,阿拉善盟750306 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2009年第9期155-159,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD26B01);国家自然基金项目(40501012)共同资助

摘　　要：胡杨(Populus euphratica)在额济纳荒漠绿洲中的生态地位极其重要,与绿洲的兴衰息息相关。额济纳荒漠绿洲的胡杨林,目前由于河水泛滥受控制,使依赖于河漫滩而发芽生长的幼林所占林地面积比例下降,林地日趋老化、衰残,致胡杨日渐衰败,绿洲退缩。文中依据多年的试验调查数据,对荒漠河岸林胡杨残林复壮更新效果进行了分析研究。结果表明:围栏封育对加快荒漠河岸林的复壮更新和林下天然植被的恢复,起到了积极而显著的作用。开沟断根,打破了土壤表皮板结层,疏松了土壤,利于根蘖苗萌生,同时也促进了苗木侧根和须根的增加,扩大了根系吸收面积,使苗木生长量提高。间苗定株有效地促进了胡杨老树的根蘖更新。确定了河岸胡杨更新林合理密度为幼龄期为3330株/hm2,中龄期为1665株/hm2,近熟林期为600株/hm2,成熟林期为135株/hm2。在此基础上提出了全面保护好沿河现有胡杨残林的措施,实行分片、分段围栏封育和充分引用季节性河道来水浇灌的前提下,积极促进胡杨残林的复壮和根蘖更新,复壮更新。The ecological status of Populus euphratica in Ejina desert oasis is of vital importance, which is closely related to the rise and decline of the oasis. In the present, young stand growing in flood plain is aging and becoming residual due to the control of the overflow of river so that the Populus euphratica in Ejina desert oasis is decaying and the oasis is retreating. This paper the effects rejuvenation and renewal in residual P. euphratica forestry in desert oasis were analyzed and researched in terms of on - the - spot investigated data for many years. The results showed that effects of fencing on expediting the rejuvenation and renewal of riparian forest in desert oasis and the restoration of natural vegetation under the forest were active and significant. Ditching and root cutting were in favor of reproduction of sprouting seedling, facilitated increase of lateral root and fibrous root and made the increment of seedling boosting due to breaking the harden layer in soil surface and loosened soil and broadening area of root absorbing water. Thinning and field planting effectively promoted the sprouting and renewal of old P. euphratica trees. This research also determined the reasonable density in riparian P. euphratica renewal forest was 3330 ind/hm^2 in young age, 1665 ind/hm^2 in middle P. euphratica, 600 ind/hm^2 in adult P. euphratica and was 135 ind/hm^2 in mature P. euphratica. Based on this, the study put forward the measures completely protecting the present P. euphratica residual forest along the river, which positively promoted the restoration and sprouting renewal in residual P. euphratica forest, by means of dividing patch and section, fencing and entirely applying seasonal river water to irrigate.

关 键 词：胡杨 围栏封育 开沟断根 间苗定株 复壮更新 

分 类 号：Q945.17[生物学—植物学]