武汉市社会福利院老年人群高血压现状调查  

Survey on prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension among the elderly people in Wuhan welfare institution

作　　者：苏冠华[1] 孙雨霏[1] 刘晓明[1] 帅欣欣[1] 卢永昕[1] 王朝晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院心血管病研究所心内科,湖北省武汉市430022

出　　处：《实用老年医学》2009年第4期282-285,共4页Practical Geriatrics

摘　　要：目的调查武汉市社会福利院老年人群高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率及相关危险因素,为特殊弱势人群中的高血压防治提供新思路。方法采用问卷调查法对武汉市社会福利院某小区年龄≥60岁68名常住老年人进行调查,由培训过的医师对调查对象进行血压测量、资料收集和健康教育,并按不同年龄段分为3组进行对比分析。结果武汉市社会福利院老年人群高血压患病率达76.47%,其中单纯收缩期高血压占69.23%。高血压患者的知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为46.15%、53.85%、15.38%。≥80岁的老年组高血压的治疗率和控制率显著低于其他年龄组(P<0.05),合并多器官疾病的比例高于其他年龄组(P<0.05)。应用最为广泛的口服降压药物为钙通道阻滞剂和国产复方制剂。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、肥胖、饮酒、吸烟、心血管病家族史、高盐饮食等危险因素与高血压的发病密切相关。结论武汉市社会福利院老年人群高血压患病率较高,高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍处于较差水平。社会心理因素在福利院特殊人群高血压的发病和控制中可能起重要作用。社区高血压患者的规范化管理、经常性的健康教育、积极的社会援助和不良生活方式的纠正是福利院老年人群高血压防治的有效措施和手段。Objective To investigate the prevalence, status of awareness, treatment, control rate and risk factors of hypertension among the elderly people in Wuhan welfare institution, and to explore new effective methods to treat and prevent hypertension for the special population. Methods The questionnaire investigation was performed in a resident group of 68 people aged ≥60 years in Wuhan welfare institution. The elderly people were divided into three groups according to the age, and then information of blood pressure and correlative risk factors were collected by trained doctors. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension was 76. 47% in the subjects, 69.23% of which presented with isolated systolic hypertension, 46. 15% of which were aware of their high blood pressures, 53.85% receiving antihypertensive medications, and 15.38% achieving the target blood pressure. Among the t〉 80 age group, the treatment and control rates of hypertension were significantly lower than those in other groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ） , and the proportion of those with multiple organ diseases was higher （P 〈 0. 05）. The most widely used antihypertensive agents were calcium channel blockers and domestic compound preparations. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, increasing age, obesity, smoking status, excess alcohol intake, high sodium intake and family history of cardiovascular diseases were independently associated with increased prevalence rate of hypertension. Conclusions The results indicate that the prevalence of hypertension is high in the elderly people in Wuhan welfare institution, while the rates of awareness, treatment and control are still low. Regular health education, positive social aids and unhealthy lifestyle adjustments are effective measures to reduce the prevalence rate of hypertension and enhance the awareness and treatment of hypertension.

关 键 词：高血压 老年人 患病率 知晓率 控制率 流行病学 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]