犬伤者注射狂犬病疫苗免疫效果分析  

Analysis of the immunogenicity of human rabies vaccinations among persons bited by dogs

作　　者：王文华[1] 陈涌熙[1] 朱素华[1] 佐娅玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州市中原区疾病预防控制中心,郑州450053

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（医学版）》2009年第4期773-775,共3页Journal of Zhengzhou University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：郑州市中原区科技攻关计划基金资助项目

摘　　要：目的:了解被犬咬伤后狂犬病疫苗接种者抗体阳性率及其影响因素,以指导狂犬病防治工作。方法:对2006年5月至2008年5月接种狂犬病疫苗者1065人进行问卷调查和抗体水平检测。结果:接种者总的抗体阳性率为81.7%(870/1065),女性为86.7%(530/611),男性为74.9%(340/454),女性高于男性(χ2=30.412,P=0.001)。有10%的接种者被咬伤后未进行冲洗,有45.0%的接种者未使用消毒剂。咬伤后皮肤无出血症状者抗体阳性率为86.7%(26/30),有出血症状者为81.5%(844/1035),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.512,P=0.480);清洗时间>20min的接种者,抗体阳性率为88.0%(169/192),清洗0～20min者为80.7%(691/856),未清洗者为58.8%(10/17),3组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.623,P=0.003);使用碘酒消毒者抗体阳性率为86.4%(287/332),未消毒者为81.6%(385/472),用其他消毒剂消毒者为78.5%(193/246),3组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.608,P=0.037);吸烟量越高,饮酒量越高,抗体阳性率越低(P<0.001)。结论:应加强宣教,疫苗接种后应及时检测抗体产生情况,以提高狂犬病疫苗的预防效果。Aim：To learn the positive rate of the human rabies vaccinations and it＇s influencing factors so as to guide the preventive work of human rabies. Methods ： 1 065 inoculators of human rabies vaccinations from Zhongyuan district center for disease control and prevention, who were hired by the dogs, were investigated with the questionnaire and their antibody was tested by ELISA during May, 2006 to May, 2008. Results： The total positive rate of antibody was 81.7% （870/ 1 065 ）. The positive rate was 86.7% （530/611 ） in female and 74.9% （340/454） in male, the difference was significant （χ2 = 30. 412 ,P = 0. 001 ）. 10% of the inoculators didnt clean the wound, 45.0% of them didnt disinfect the wound. The positive rate was 86.7% （26/30） among the inoculators without syndrome of bleeding, and 81.5% （844/1 035 ） among the inoculators with syndrome of bleeding（χ2 = 0. 512,P = 0. 480）. The positive rate among the inoculators who cleaned the wound for more than 20 minutes ,who cleaned for less than 20 minutes,and those without cleaning were 88.0% （169/192） , 80.7% （691/856） ,58.8% （ 10/17 ） , the differeces were significant （χ2 = 11. 623 ,P = 0. 003 ）. The rates among the inoculators who disinfected with iodine,those who didn＇t disinfect and disinfected with others were 86.4% （287/332） ,81.6% （385/472） ,78.5% （193/246）, the differeces were significant（χ2 = 6. 608 ,P = 0. 037 ）. The positive rate was lower among the inoculators with heavy smoking （χ2 = 35. 440, P = 0. 001 ） or drinking （χ2 = 53. 591, P = 0. 001 ）. Conclusion ： The antibody must be tested so as to learn the production of antibody after injecting the human rabies vaccinations and guide the preventive work of human rabies.

关 键 词：狂犬病 疫苗 阳性率 

分 类 号：R186.3[医药卫生—流行病学]