羊草种群各类地下芽的发生、输出与地上植株的形成、维持动态  

Occurrence and output of all types of belowground buds of Leymus chinensis and the dynamics of formation and maintenance of aboveground shoots

作　　者：张继涛[1] 徐安凯[2] 穆春生[1] 王俊峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学草地科学研究所吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理重点实验室植被生态教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130024 [2]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130124

出　　处：《草业学报》2009年第4期54-60,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：教育部重点项目(106063);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20080563);国家科技支撑项目(2008BADB3B09);国家自然科学基金(30471231)资助

摘　　要：羊草地下芽库中各类型芽及所形成子株和母株的季节动态变化研究结果表明,当年返青母株是由上一年母株形成的80%的分蘖芽与分蘖芽子株,15%的根茎顶芽与根茎顶芽子株,以及5%根茎节芽和根茎节芽子株组成的,分蘖芽与分蘖芽子株是返青母株的主体。随着返青母株的生长,根茎顶芽是在5月20日早于分蘖芽和根茎节芽1个月发生,并首先呈水平生长方式远离母株,占据生态位;在6月20日水平根茎顶芽开始向地面弯曲,输出子株的同时,分蘖芽和根茎节芽开始形成,并输出子株。羊草母株以产生低比例根茎芽和高比例分蘖芽的扩展和丛生联合生长方式,以年内和年间的芽、子株、母株之间的不断循环,年复一年地维持着种群的无性繁殖机制。高降水年份可显著地增加地下芽库各类型芽数量,从而使地上子株和母株密度增加。Seasonal variations of densities of all types of bu were investigated. The origin of current year parent shoo shoots, 15% from apical rhizome buds and daughter apical and daughter axillary rhizome shoots, from total buds and ds, parent and daughter ts was 80% from shoot shoots of Leymus chinensis buds and daughter axillary rhizome shoots, and 5 % from axillary rhizome buds shoots formed during previous years. When parent shoots were growing, apical rhizome buds began to generate and spread horizontally to occupy niches during 20 May, one month earlier than axillary shoot buds and axillary rhizome buds. By 20 June, the horizontal apical rhizome buds started growing into vertical apical rhizome buds and finally into daughter rhizome shoots. Similarly, by 20 June, shoot buds and axillary rhizome buds occurred and finally developed into daughter shoots. Parent shoots of L. chinensis produced both a lower proportion of spreading shoots （i. e. apical rhizome buds and shoots, or axillary rhizome buds and shoots） and a higher proportion of clumping shoot （i. e. shoot buds and axillary shoots）, resulting in a combined growth form. This enables L. chinensis to maintain an asexual propagation mechanism through continuous growth of buds, daughter shoots and parent shoots between and within years. Higher precipitation can promote the density of all types of buds, leading to an increase in density of daughter and parent shoots.

关 键 词：羊草 芽类型 母株和子株类型 密度和比例 季节动态 种群维持 

分 类 号：S543.901[农业科学—作物学] Q945.79[生物学—植物学]