内蒙古农牧交错带农牧系统耦合及相悖的机理及效应  

Mechanisms and effects of agro-pastoral system coupling in the Inner Mongolian ecotone

作　　者：吕玉华[1] 郑大玮[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《草业学报》2009年第4期217-223,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划"973"项目(G2000018606);北京市重点学科项目资助

摘　　要：北方农牧交错带内蒙古段草原畜牧区和农耕区家畜分布密度空间相悖是生态、经济系统良性耦合的最大障碍。本区草原畜牧区现实载畜量是适宜载畜量的1．15～2．60倍；农耕区大部分旗县现实载畜量只能达到适宜载畜量的35％以下。易地育肥农牧耦合模式能有效减少草原畜牧区草食家畜分布密度，使草原区草地封育和家畜舍饲成为可能；也是提高农耕区农民收入的最有效途径，羊易地育肥年净收入是自繁自育的20倍；牛易地育肥年净收入是自繁自育的6．5倍。同时易地育肥农牧耦合使农耕区人工牧草种植比例达到20％～36％，促进农田系统恢复为草地系统。In the Inner Mongolian section of the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, development of the transferred fattening and agro-pastoral coupling pattern has been enhanced by its high economic benefit. The increase of net income by this pattern has mainly contributed to the price increase per unit weight, the body weight increase of individual animals, and the slaughter rate increase of livestock in the agricultural region comparing with those in the pastoral region. The net profit of raising sheep with transferred fattening pattern was 20 times that of the local fattening pattern. The net profit of raising beef cattle with transferred fattening pattern was 6.5 times that of the local fattening pattern. There was hardly any forage cultivation in agricultural households before the system coupling, while the proportion of team pasture plants has reached 20%-36% after system coupling. The benefits of the transferred fattening and agro-pastoral coupling pattern can be summarized as. 1） unifying the grassland pastoral system and agricultural cultivation system; 2） reducing the overloaded livestock carrying capacity in the pastoral region; 3） increasing the under-loaded herbivorous livestock carrying capacity in the agricultural region; 4） promoting the grassland enclosure and house raising practices in pastoral regions; 5） expediting the restoration of agricultural fields back to pastoral land.

关 键 词：北方农牧交错带 系统耦合 易地育肥 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]