纳米NiB/Al复合粒子的制备及催化AP热分解研究  

Preparation of Nanometer NiB/Al Composite and Its Thermal Catalysis Effect on AP Decomposition

作　　者：杨毅[1] 潘振华[1] 李丽霞[1] 李玉冰[2] 曹新富[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]航天科工集团六院四十六所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《含能材料》2009年第4期446-450,共5页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50876046;50306008);总装备部预先研究基金(51328050709)

摘　　要：采用沉淀法分别制备了纳米NiB非晶合金及纳米NiB／Al复合粒子。利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行表征，发现纳米NiB／A1复合粒子中纳米NiB为40～60nm的非晶态合金，并在Al颗粒表面呈均匀、连续的复合结构。通过TG、DTA热分析，发现纳米NiB及其复合粒子的含量对高氯酸铵（AP）热分解有显著影响。对实验数据拟合计算发现该体系中复合前后的纳米NiB合金对AP的高温热分解理论最佳含量分别为8．91％和7．93％，两者可分别使AP的高温热分解温度降低至407．34℃和389．98℃。以1．5％比例添加到AP／HTPB（端羟基聚丁二烯）推进剂体系中，发现复合后的催化剂使其高温分解温度多降低了12．2℃，热分解峰合并的趋势更明显。Nanometer NiB amorphous alloy and nanometer NiB/A1 composite were prepared by chemical reduction. XRD,TEM and SEM were used to analyze the crystal structure and mierostructure of the nanometer catalysts. Results show that the nanometer NiB particles are amorphous alloy with 20- 30 nm in diameter,and the nanometer NiB particles of the NiB/Al eomposite are coated on the Al particles uniformly and compactly in amorphous alloy form with 40 -60 nm in diameter. The DTA results show that the amount of the catalysts has great catalysis effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate（AP）. Based on the fitting results,the theory optimal amount of simplex nanometer NiB alloy and its composite are 8.91% and 7.93% ,while the corresponding high temperature decomposition of AP can be decreased to 407.34 ℃ and 389.98 ℃, respectively. Furthermore, the NiB nanocomposite shows much better catalysis on AP/HTPB（hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene）solid propellant thermal decomposition. The nanoeomposite catalyst makes the high temperature decomposition of AP/HTPB propellant decreased by 12.2 ℃ lower than that of simplex nanometer NiB alloy,and the combination tendency of the thermal decomposition peaks of the propellant are mueh more obvious.

关 键 词：材料科学与工程 纳米复合粒子 催化剂 NiB合金 高氯酸铵 热分解 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]