漆原镍催化剂用于硝基化合物催化加氢  

Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds Catalyzed by Urushibara Nickel Catalysts

作　　者：刘皓[1] 李若愚[1] 张濛[1] 李伟 张明慧[1] 陶克毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学化学学院,天津市能源材料化学重点实验室,教育部高效储能工程研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《催化学报》2009年第7期606-612,共7页

摘　　要：采用锌粉还原氯化镍制备了漆原镍催化剂,并将其用于催化间二硝基苯加氢制间苯二胺和2,5-二氯硝基苯加氢制2,5-二氯苯胺反应.运用X射线衍射、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和透射电子显微镜等技术对催化剂进行了表征.考察了锌粉、展开剂和制备温度对催化剂活性的影响,以及压力、溶剂等对加氢反应速率的影响,确定了适宜的催化剂制备条件.结果表明,在间二硝基苯和2,5-二氯硝基苯加氢反应中,漆原镍催化剂表现出很高的活性和选择性,在乙醇溶剂中加入适量的水能够大大提高反应速率,适量的脱氯抑制剂能够有效加快2,5-二氯硝基苯加氢速率并提高2,5-二氯苯胺选择性.漆原镍催化剂重复使用5次后其性能基本保持不变.The Urushibara nickel catalysts were prepared by reducing nickel chloride with Zn powder. The structure and composition of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The optimal preparation conditions of the catalysts were determined. The Urushibara nickel catalysts were applied to the selective hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene to m-phenylenediamine and 2,5-dichloronitrobenzene to 2,5-dichloroaniline. The effects of Zn powder, developing agent, temperature of catalyst preparation and reaction conditions such as solvent and pressure on the catalyst activity were studied. The Urushibara nickel catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity for m-phenylenediamine and 2,5-dichloroaniline. The optimized content of water in solvent remarkably promoted the reaction. An appropriate quantity of the dechlorination inhibitor in the hydrogenation of 2,5-dichloronitrobenzene evidently increased the reaction rate and the selectivity for 2,5-dichloroaniline. The catalysts could be reused five times without any significant loss in their catalytic activity.

关 键 词：漆原镍 间二硝基苯 2 5-二氯硝基苯 加氢 

分 类 号：O643.32[理学—物理化学]