松辽流域非点源污染TN时空变化特征研究  

Spatial-temporal Characteristic of Non-point Source Pollution(NPS) Nitrogen in Songliao Basin

作　　者：王秀娟[1] 刘瑞民[1] 何孟常[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第4期192-196,202,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2004CB418502)

摘　　要：非点源污染可以看成由土地利用和非土地利用两者共同作用产生的,分析土地利用和非土地利用能够体现两者对于非点源污染的贡献率,可以更深入的揭示非点源污染的来源及变化规律,从而提出更有针对性的管理措施。利用输出系数模型,结合ArcGIS软件,对松辽流域20世纪80年代至2000年的非点源污染负荷TN进行了空间模拟和变化趋势分析,并揭示了土地利用和非土地利用对松辽流域非点源污染的影响。结果表明:近15 a间,松辽流域农业非点源污染TN负荷呈逐年增长的趋势,从80年代的129.3万t上升到1995年的141.7万t和2000年的约144.5万t。其中,由土地利用所造成的非点源污染占有很大的比例,具体到省份来说,黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区所占的比例最高,两者均为83%;从20世纪80年代至2000年,流域内由非土地利用所造成的非点源污染比例日益增加,其中吉林省年均变化率最大,为4.5%,这反映了这一地区农业生产方式的转变,在今后,应重点加强这几个地区的管理,完善施肥措施,加强农村生活污水,禽畜养殖粪便等的管理,从而使流域内的非点源污染得到控制。Non-point source pollution （NPS） was mainly coursed by land-use and non-land use, so it was important to analyze the interaction between the land-use NPS and non-land use NPS in order to put forward the more effective management measures. In this paper, temporal-spatial changes and changing tendency of non-point source pollution in Songliao basin over the last 15 years was studied based on the simulation of nitrogen load by export coefficient model. The results indicated that the NPS TN load caused by land use and non-land use increased year by year. It increased from 1.29 × 10^6 tons in 1986 to 1.44 × 10^6 tons in 2000. The TN load caused by land use occupied quite a few proportions, Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are the most important two contributors, with an average annual con- tribution-ratio of 83%. From 1986 to 2000, the TN load proportion caused by non-land use increased, and the region of Jilin Province had the highest change proportion, with an average annual contribution-ratio of 38.5 %. These areas should be paid more attention in the future.

关 键 词：松辽流域 非点源污染 输出系数模型 总氮 土地利用 非土地利用 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]